A simple model to predict the biodiesel blend density as simultaneous function of blend percent and temperature

Abstract

A simple method to estimate the density of biodiesel blend as simultaneous function of temperature and volume percent of biodiesel is proposed. Employing the Kay's mixing rule, we developed a model and investigated theoretically the density of different vegetable oil biodiesel blends as a simultaneous function of temperature and volume percent of biodiesel. Key advantage of the proposed model is that it requires only a single set of density values of components of biodiesel blends at any two different temperatures. We notice that the density of blend linearly decreases with increase in temperature and increases with increase in volume percent of the biodiesel. The lower values of standard estimate of error (SEE = 0.0003-0.0022) and absolute average deviation (AAD = 0.03-0.15 %) obtained using the proposed model indicate the predictive capability. The predicted values found good agreement with the recent available experimental data.

Density estimation for waste cooking oil biodiesel

“…Up to now, three main methods for estimating liquid densities of pure fluids include: (1) the first one are based on the corresponding states theory (i.e., the Rackett equation and the Spencer and Danner method [5]) which has a limited predictive capability because of the requirement of critical properties and the use of experimental data adjusted parameters; (2) The second method is based on mixing rules, such as Kay's method, that allows the estimation of a mixture density provided that the composition of the fuel and the densities of the pure compounds are known [6]. They are only applicable to simple mixtures being of a nearly ideal behavior; (3) the last method is to use group contribution models that only require information on chemical structure of molecule under study.…”

Evaluation of Predictive Capabilities of Regression Models and Artificial Neural Networks for Density and Viscosity Measurements of Different Biodiesel-Diesel-Vegetable Oil Ternary Blends

“…Biodiesel, consisting of a mixture of methyl or ethyl esters of long-chain fatty acids [11], has many advantages over fossil diesel fuel [12] such as: (i) it is non-toxic, non-aromatic and biodegradable fuel [13], (ii) it can be directly used in diesel engines without major modification [14], (iii) it composes of 10 % to 12 % oxygen by mass in the molecular structure, thus significantly reducing HC, CO and PM emissions [15], and finally (iv) it has higher density (contributing to deliver greater mass of fuel to the engine [16]), flash point (making safer handling and storage [17]) and cetane number (giving higher resistance to diesel knock by shortening ignition delay [15] and allowing it to be utilized in higher compression ratio [18]). However, the important disadvantages of biodiesel are (i) reactivity of unsaturated hydrocarbon chains in the molecular structure, (ii) cold start problems, (iii) lower energy content and volatility, and (iv) higher viscosity, copper strip corrosion, price and generally nitrogen oxide emission [19]- [21].…”

Density and Viscosity Measurements for Olive Oil Biodiesel, Diesel Fuel and n-Butyl Alcohol Ternary Blends

“…The rapid consumption of fossil fuels and rising their prices have boosted research efforts on investigating alternative fuels [1], [2]. Alternative fuels should be easily available at low cost, renewable, environment friendly and techno-economically competitive [3].…”

“…15 However, in literature, there are few studies about deriving new regression models for olive oil biodiesel-diesel fuel-n-butyl alcohol blends' densities and viscosities. Therefore, the aims of this study are (1) to determine densities and viscosities of the ternary blends including different n-butyl alcohol content, and (2) to derive new regression model for estimating kinematic viscosities of the ternary blends. In this context, first, olive oil biodiesel was produced and blended with commercially available diesel fuel at a volume ratio of 20%.…”