A simple modification of the Baermann method for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis

Hernández‐Chavarría, Francisco; Avendaño, Leticia

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762001000600011

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In a study conducted in China comparing DS, an ether concentration technique (ECT), Kato-Katz, Koga agar plate method and Baermann method, the best sensitivity was obtained with the Baermann method (all cases were detected by this method) and both ECT and DS failed to identified even a single case [37]. This technique is labor intensive and it is not usually available in clinical parasitology laboratories but there have been several attempts to reduce the cost and to simplify the technique through slight modifications of the Baermann procedure [38], [39], [40]. Another drawback of the technique is that it requires freshly and non-refrigerated stool samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study by Sato et al, compared DS, FECT Harada-Mori technique and APC showing that APC was able to detect more than 96% of cases [52]. When APC or Koga agar plate is compared to the Baermann technique, some studies report a better detection rate for the culture [35], [44], [51], [56] though in at least 2 studies, higher sensitivity was obtained by the Baermann method [37], [40].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Laboratory Diagnosis and Follow Up of Strongyloidiasis: A Systematic Review

et al. 2013

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BackgroundStrongyloidiasis is frequently under diagnosed since many infections remain asymptomatic and conventional diagnostic tests based on parasitological examination are not sufficiently sensitive. Serology is useful but is still only available in reference laboratories. The need for improved diagnostic tests in terms of sensitivity and specificity is clear, particularly in immunocompromised patients or candidates to immunosuppressive treatments. This review aims to evaluate both conventional and novel techniques for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis as well as available cure markers for this parasitic infection.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe search strategy was based on the data-base sources MEDLINE, Cochrane Library Register for systematic review, EmBase, Global Health and LILACS and was limited in the search string to articles published from 1960 to August 2012 and to English, Spanish, French, Portuguese and German languages. Case reports, case series and animal studies were excluded. 2003 potentially relevant citations were selected for retrieval, of which 1649 were selected for review of the abstract. 143 were eligible for final inclusion.ConclusionsSensitivity of microscopic-based techniques is not good enough, particularly in chronic infections. Furthermore, techniques such as Baermann or agar plate culture are cumbersome and time-consuming and several specimens should be collected on different days to improve the detection rate. Serology is a useful tool but it might overestimate the prevalence of disease due to cross-reactivity with other nematode infections and its difficulty distinguishing recent from past (and cured) infections. To evaluate treatment efficacy is still a major concern because direct parasitological methods might overestimate it and the serology has not yet been well evaluated; even if there is a decline in antibody titres after treatment, it is slow and it needs to be done at 6 to 12 months after treatment which can cause a substantial loss to follow-up in a clinical trial.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Laboratory Diagnosis and Follow Up of Strongyloidiasis: A Systematic Review

et al. 2013

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“…The two methods of Agar Plate and Baermann are recommended for the diagnosis of S. stercoralis, but the agar plate method is 11 times more expensive than Baermann's. In addition, the risk of infection increases due to proliferation of parasites and the probability of penetration of filariform larva from agar plate to the skin (15). Moreover, in some cases with autoinfection, or when in those with chronic infection the parasite multiplies in body, but they do not repel larvae, hence the infected people may not be diagnosed (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Baermann, an applicable method for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis?

Mohammadi-Meskin

Hamedi

Heydari-Hengami

et al. 2018

hmj

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Introduction: It is estimated that 100-300 million people in the world are infected with Strongyloides stercoralis. Although there are several laboratory diagnostic methods for detection of this parasite, there is still no gold standard diagnostic method. The need for an application test with high sensitivity and specificity is highly felt, especially in people with immune deficiency or organ transplant volunteers. Methods: The diagnostic sensitivity of five parasitological methods, including direct smear of feces in saline and Lugol iodine stain, Baermann technique, formalin-ethyl acetate concentration, Harada-Mori filter paper, agar plate culture and molecular method was evaluated by stool specimens collected from the central mentally retardation institute of Bandar Abbas, to find out an easy, practical and cost-effective method for detecting Strongyloides stercoralis. Results: Five parasitological and molecular methods were investigated using 163 stool samples. Considering the employed methods, there found to be 30 cases of S. stercoralis. The total positive cases of S. stercoralis using different methods was considered as golden standard. The highest sensitivity of parasitological methods was associated with the Baermann 27 (90%) and the least positive results obtained with Harada-Mori method, 1 (3.3%). In this study 9 positive cases were detected by PCR method (30%). Conclusion: Highest sensitivity was observed when different diagnostic approaches were combined where Baermann technique proceeded it. Therefore, this technique is recommended as a selective method for detecting S. stercoralis due to its easy, practical and inexpensive nature.

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“…However, this method uses a funnel or a flask to deposit the fecal material from each sample, which is cumbersome. Thus, this may explain why the prevalence of stongyloidiasis is often underestimated [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%