A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human

Abstract

Understanding the concept of extrapolation of dose between species is important for pharmaceutical researchers when initiating new animal or human experiments. Interspecies allometric scaling for dose conversion from animal to human studies is one of the most controversial areas in clinical pharmacology. Allometric approach considers the differences in body surface area, which is associated with animal weight while extrapolating the doses of therapeutic agents among the species. This review provides basic information about translation of doses between species and estimation of starting dose for clinical trials using allometric scaling. The method of calculation of injection volume for parenteral formulation based on human equivalent dose is also briefed.

Meglumine Antimoniate (Glucantime) Causes Oxidative Stress-Derived DNA Damage in BALB/c Mice Infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum

“…With regard to the bench-to-bedside relevance of our data, we must consider that dose extrapolation among species depends on characteristics such as the animal's anatomy, physiology, and biochemical processes, as well as drug pharmacokinetics, for proper allometric scaling (51). It should be noted that the animal dose used in this work was equivalent to approximately 1.5 mg/kg/day in humans, much lower than the regimen recommended by the WHO for humans, i.e., 20 mg/kg/day for 20 days (52).…”

Dietary Milk Sphingomyelin Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Inhibits LPS Activity in Macrophages

“…Milk SM (bovine; >99% purity) was obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA) and then substituted for an equal weight of lard in the treatment group. Accounting for weight gained throughout the study, HFD-MSM provided the equivalent of consuming approximately 405-670 mg milk SM/day in a 70 kg human based on body surface normalization [30]. Mice consumed the diets ad libitum and fresh food was provided twice per week.…”

Dose-dependent effect and pharmacokinetics of fexinidazole and its metabolites in a mouse model of human African trypanosomiasis

“…Fexinidazole will be used to treat HAT patients with a dose regimen of 1800 mg/d for between human and mouse [21]. Other factors that have an impact, such as BBB permeation which differs between infected mice and humans [22], parasite distribution and burden, have not been determined.…”