A simple, specific, and highly sensitive blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1

Kramps, J. A.; Magdalena, Juana; Quak, Jasper J.; Weerdmeester, K.; Kaashoek, M.J.; Maris-Veldhuis, Mieke A.; Rijsewijk, F.A.M.; Keil, Günther M.; Oirschot, J.T. van

doi:10.1128/jcm.32.9.2175-2181.1994

Cited by 101 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the gE-blocking ELISA is an important diagnostic test, because it is the companion test of the new generation of vaccines deleted in the BHV-1 gE gene, which are used in BHV-1 eradication programs (5,38). The results presented here indicate that in addition to animals that test false seronegative due to a lack of sensitivity of the serological test used (11,35), truly seronegative animals without any antibodies do also exist. The epidemiological consequences of both types of SNLC are identical because such animals are not detected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 87%

Production of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1-Seronegative Latent Carriers by Administration of a Live-Attenuated Vaccine in Passively Immunized Calves

et al. 2000

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The consequences of the vaccination of neonatal calves with the widely used live-attenuated temperature-sensitive (ts) bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) were investigated. The tsstrain established acute and latent infections in all vaccinated calves either with or without passive immunity. Four of seven calves vaccinated under passive immunity became clearly BHV-1 seronegative by different serological tests, as did uninfected control calves after the disappearance of maternal antibodies, and they remained so for long periods. A cell-mediated immune response was detected by a BHV-1 gamma interferon assay, but this test failed to detect the seronegative latent carriers (SNLCs). While they are not detected, SNLCs represent a threat for BHV-1-free herds or countries. This study demonstrates that SNLCs can be easily obtained by inoculation with a live-attenuated BHV-1 under passive immunity and that latent carrier animals without any antibody do exist. Consequently, this situation could represent a good model to experimentally produce SNLCs.

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mentioning

confidence: 87%

Production of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1-Seronegative Latent Carriers by Administration of a Live-Attenuated Vaccine in Passively Immunized Calves

et al. 2000

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“…At the start of the study, blood samples from all cattle on the island were collected and screened for antibodies against BHV1, using a gB-blocking ELISA [18] in which sera were examined undiluted. As maternal antibodies can be detected up to 9 months of age [19] and because the gB-ELISA we used is very sensitive [18], seropositive cattle younger than 10 months of age were considered to be seropositive due to maternal antibodies and most likely not to be latently infected with BHV1. All seropositive cattle older than 10 months of age were considered to be latently infected with BHV1.…”

Section: Bhv1 Control Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the study, all cattle of groups 1 and 2 were screened for antibodies against BHV1, using a gBblocking ELISA [18] in which sera are examined undiluted, in November and March, the beginning and end of the housing period. The gD subunit vaccine does not induce antibodies against BHV1-gB.…”

Section: Monitoring Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1 within and between herds on an island with a BHV1 control programme

Hage

Schukken

Schols³

et al. 2003

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) within and between herds was studied on the island of Ameland, The Netherlands. There were 50 herds with 3300 head of cattle on the island. Herds were divided into three groups : (1) only containing seronegative cattle, (2) containing seronegative cattle and vaccinated seropositive cattle, and (3) containing only vaccinated cattle. All 23 herds in groups 1 and 2 were monitored. Three major outbreaks of BHV1 infections were observed due to the introduction of infectious cattle. Another major outbreak was most likely induced by reactivation of latent BHV1 in seropositive cattle. The basic reproduction ratio within these herds was estimated at least 4. Only one of these outbreaks led to three secondary outbreaks in susceptible herds in which all cattle were seronegative. These outbreaks were most likely due to respectively, direct animal contact, human transmission, and aerogenic transmission. The basic reproduction ratio between herds in this study was estimated to be 0 . 6.

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“…This confirms that the indirect ELISA used in this study is highly sensitive (12). Indeed, serological tests should be as sensitive as possible to detect low anti-BHV-1 antibody levels to minimize the risk of nondetection of BHV-1 latent carriers (22). However, improving the test sensitivity will affect the specificity by increasing the number of false-positive animals (44).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 Infection in Calves with Maternal Antibodies on Immune Response and Virus Latency

et al. 2000

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The presence of maternally derived antibodies can interfere with the development of an active antibody response to antigen. Infection of seven passively immunized young calves with a virulent strain of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) was performed to determine whether they could become seronegative after the disappearance of maternal antibodies while latently infected with BHV-1. Four uninfected calves were controls. All calves were monitored serologically for 13 to 18 months. In addition, the development of a cell-mediated immune response was assessed by an in vitro antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production assay. All calves had positive IFN-γ responses as early as 7 days until at least 10 weeks after infection. However, no antibody rise was observed after infection in the three calves with the highest titers of maternal antibodies. One of the three became seronegative by virus neutralization test at 7 months of age like the control animals. This calf presented negative IFN-γ results at the same time and was classified seronegative by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at around 10 months of age. This calf was latently infected, as proven by virus reexcretion after dexamethasone treatment at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that BHV-1-seronegative latent carriers can be obtained experimentally. In addition, the IFN-γ assay was able to discriminate calves possessing only passively acquired antibodies from those latently infected by BHV-1, but it could not detect seronegative latent carriers. The failure to easily detect such animals presents an epidemiological threat for the control of BHV-1 infection.

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A simple, specific, and highly sensitive blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1

Cited by 101 publications

References 26 publications

Production of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1-Seronegative Latent Carriers by Administration of a Live-Attenuated Vaccine in Passively Immunized Calves

Production of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1-Seronegative Latent Carriers by Administration of a Live-Attenuated Vaccine in Passively Immunized Calves

Transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1 within and between herds on an island with a BHV1 control programme

Effects of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 Infection in Calves with Maternal Antibodies on Immune Response and Virus Latency

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