The radiative energy loss of a quark jet traversing a finite size QCD medium with dynamical constituents is calculated to first order in opacity. Although finite size corrections reduce the energy loss relative to an infinite dynamical QCD medium, under realistic conditions it remains significantly larger than in a static medium. Quantitative predictions of jet suppression in relativistic heavy ion collisions must therefore account for the dynamics of the medium's constituents. Finite size effects are shown to induce a nonlinear path length dependence of the energy loss. Our results suggest a simple general mapping between energy loss expressions for static and dynamical QCD media. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.022302 PACS numbers: 25.75.Nq, 12.38.Mh, 12.38.Qk Studying the suppression of high transverse momentum hadrons is a powerful tool to map out the density of a QCD plasma created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions [1,2]. Since this suppression (called jet quenching) results from energy loss of fast partons moving through the plasma [3][4][5][6], quantitative jet quenching predictions require reliable energy loss calculations.In the majority of currently available studies the medium-induced radiative energy loss is computed by assuming that the QCD medium consists of randomly distributed static scattering centers (''static QCD medium''). We recently calculated [7], at leading order in opacity, the heavy quark radiative energy loss in an infinite QCD medium consisting of dynamical constituents and found that the energy loss increases by almost a factor 2 relative to an equally dense static medium. However, this calculation was performed in the Bethe-Heitler limit which is well known [8] to overpredict radiative energy loss since it does not include coherence and finite size effects. As the medium created in heavy ion collisions has finite size, it is essential to explore how the qualitative conclusions obtained in [7] change once such effects are included. We find that finite size and coherence effects decrease the radiative energy loss per unit path length more strongly in a dynamical than in a static medium, reducing the energy loss ratio between equally dense dynamical and static media. Still, the ratio remains significantly larger than unity even if the medium is finite, showing that for quantitative predictions of radiative energy loss it is important to account for the dynamic nature of the QCD medium's constituents.We briefly outline the computation of the mediuminduced radiative energy loss for a heavy quark to first order in opacity. We consider a QCD medium of size L and assume that the heavy quark is produced at time x 0 0 at the left edge of the medium, traveling right. Collisions with partons in the medium induce the radiation of gluons, causing the quark to lose energy. The radiative energy loss rate can be expanded in the number of scattering events suffered by the heavy quark. This is equivalent to an expansion in powers of the opacity. For a finite medium, the opacity is given by th...