A simple synthesis of symmetric phthalocyanines and their respective perfluoro and transition‐metal complexes

Denekamp, Ilse M.; Veenstra, Florentine L. P.; Jungbacker, Peter; Rothenberg, Gadi

doi:10.1002/aoc.4872

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The vibrations bands at 1010, 1090, and 1360 cm −1 are, respectively, assigned to the out-of-plane bending of the N-H, bending from the isoindole groups, and the aliphatic CH 3 [57]. The strong band at 1570 can be attributed to C=C bonds from both the RGO and the PcH 2 tBu, while the 744 cm −1 peak can be assigned to N-H bending [58]. All these characterizations (UV-Vis and IR) confirmed the successful functionalization of RGO by PcH 2 tBu.…”

Section: Sem and Tem Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode

et al. 2021

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To fabricate mass and resistive sensors based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO), we investigated the functionalization of RGO by tetra tert-butyl phthalocyanine (PcH2tBu), which possesses a macroring and tert-butyl peripheral groups. Herein, we present the gas sensor responses of the functionalized RGO toward benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) vapors. The RGO was obtained by the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using citrate as a reducing agent, while the functionalization was achieved non-covalently by simply using ultrasonic and heating treatment. The sensor devices based on both QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) and resistive transducers were used simultaneously to understand the reactivity. Both the GO and the RGO showed less sensitivity to BTX vapors, while the RGO/PcH2tBu presented enhanced sensor responses. These results show that the p-network plays a very important role in targeting BTX vapors. The resistive response analysis allowed us to state that the RGO is a p-type semiconductor and that the interaction is governed by charge transfer, while the QCM response profiles allowed use to determine the differences between the BTX vapors. Among BTX, benzene shows the weakest sensitivity and a reactivity in the higher concentration range (>600 ppm). The toluene and xylene showed linear responses in the range of 100–600 ppm.

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Section: Sem and Tem Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode

et al. 2021

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“…FePcF16 根据文献报道的方法合成 [32] 。将 30 mg 纯化的 MWCNT 分散到 30 ml DMF 中， 5 mg FePcF16 溶解于 10 ml DMF。将 FePcF16 溶液与 MWCNT 的悬液混合，超声处理 1 h，得到充分混合的悬液。将悬 [33][34][35][36] 水平上，对 FePcF16 进行了分子结构的优化、电子结构的计算，以及分子静电势 [37] 和电子跃迁机理 [38] 的计算。同时，根据 Nørskov 模型 [39,40] 对氧气吸附机理进行了计算。 3 结果与讨论…”

Section: Fepcf16/mwcnts 的制备unclassified

The pH-dependent catalytic activity of the oxygen reduction reaction of iron hexadecafluorophthalocyanine

Yu¹,

Zhan²,

Jin³

et al. 2022

Sci. Sin.-Chim

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摘要酞菁铁(FePc)是一种很有应用潜力的氧还原反应(ORR)非贵金属催化剂。FePc 基催化材料的 ORR [2] 。为了解决此类问题，迫切需要开发经济高效的催化剂。因此，人们开始尝试用价格相对低廉的非贵金属催化剂(NPMCs) [3] 来替代 Pt 系催化剂。在已报道的 NPMCs 中，M-N4 大环配合物由于具有较高的氧还原活性，成为了备选的良好的 ORR 催化剂 [4][5][6] 。金属卟啉(MPor)和金属酞菁(MPc) [7] 是典型的 M-N4 大环配合物。其中，酞菁铁(FePc) 分子催化剂因其独特的 Fe-N4 活性位点和 ORR 过程中较低的反应能垒 [8][9][10][11] ，而被认为是取代 Pt 基材料的候选催化剂 [12,13] 。不过，FePc 较差的电子导电性使其在 ORR 过程中电子传递困难。为解决这一问题，通常将 FePc 复合在石墨烯 [14,15] 、碳纳米管 [16,17] 和纳米纤维 [18] 等碳材料上，以促进电荷转移 [11,19] 。为进一步提高 FePc 的催化活性，可对 FePc 骨架进行化学修饰，比如，将 FePc 修饰上吸电子基团 F [20] ，利用吸电子基团对中心金属离子的氧化还原电位的影响，可以获得电催化活性和耐久性与商业 Pt/C 相当甚至更好的催化剂 [19,[21][22][23][24][25] 。通常，FePc 基复合材料在碱性介质中的 ORR 活性能与 Pt 基催化剂竞争，而在酸性条件下 ORR 活性和稳定性要显著降低 [26][27][28][29][30][31] ，这些结果表明电解液的 pH 值对 FePc 基催化剂的 ORR 催化性

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“…Similar to corroles and porphyrins, the synthesis of both symmetric as well as asymmetric phthalocyanines has been described. Fine-tuning of solubility properties in a variety of common organic solvents as well as water is possible via the addition and incorporation of appropriate substituents (Sakamoto and Ohno-Okumura, 2009;Sorokin, 2013;Nemykin et al, 2014;Denekamp et al, 2019;Araújo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Porphyrins Corroles and Phthalocyaninesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in (Photo-)-Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 With Metal Porphyrinoid-Systems

et al. 2021

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Since decades, the global community has been facing an environmental crisis, resulting in the need to switch from outdated to new, more efficient energy sources and a more effective way of tackling the rising carbon dioxide emissions. The activation of small molecules such as O2, H+, and CO2 in a cost—and energy-efficient way has become one of the key topics of catalysis research. The main issue concerning the activation of these molecules is the kinetic barrier that has to be overcome in order for the catalyzed reaction to take place. Nature has already provided many pathways in which small molecules are being activated and changed into compounds with higher energy levels. One of the most famous examples would be photosynthesis in which CO2 is transformed into glucose and O2 through sunlight, thus turning solar energy into chemical energy. For these transformations nature mostly uses enzymes that function as catalysts among which porphyrin and porphyrin-like structures can be found. Therefore, the research focus lies on the design of novel porphyrinoid systems (e.g. corroles, porphyrins and phthalocyanines) whose metal complexes can be used for the direct electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to valuable chemicals like carbon monoxide, formate, methanol, ethanol, methane, ethylene, or acetate. For example the cobalt(III)triphenylphosphine corrole complex has been used as a catalyst for the electroreduction of CO2 to ethanol and methanol. The overall goal and emphasis of this research area is to develop a method for industrial use, raising the question of whether and how to incorporate the catalyst onto supportive materials. Graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and activated carbon, to name a few examples, have become researched options. These materials also have a beneficial effect on the catalysis through for instance preventing rival reactions such as the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) during CO2 reduction. It is very apparent that the topic of small molecule activation offers many solutions for our current energy as well as environmental crises and is becoming a thoroughly investigated research objective. This review article aims to give an overview over recently gained knowledge and should provide a glimpse into upcoming challenges relating to this subject matter.

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A simple synthesis of symmetric phthalocyanines and their respective perfluoro and transition‐metal complexes

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode

Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode

The pH-dependent catalytic activity of the oxygen reduction reaction of iron hexadecafluorophthalocyanine

Recent Progress in (Photo-)-Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 With Metal Porphyrinoid-Systems

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