“…In the 1st desorption/adsorption device with NaOH solution, the sc , oc , FF and were 0.76 V, 10.87 mA/cm 2 , 0.75, and 6.23%, respectively, which are comparable to those of a fresh device. However, the 2nd desorption/adsorption device had a higher power conversion efficiency of 6.44%, which is higher than that of the 1st desorption/adsorption device because of its higher oc of 0.78 V. Although the FF, and of the 3rd desorption/adsorption device are a little lower than those of the fresh device, its oc is markedly increased from 0.74 to 0.77 V. The increase in oc may result from the suppression of electron back-transfer [19][20][21] or upward shift of the TiO 2 conduction band [22,23] relative to the electrolyte potential. In Figure 3(b), the desorption/adsorption devices were all worse than the fresh device.…”