The prospect of extending natural biological design to develop new synthetic ceramicmetal composite materials is examined. Using ice-templating of ceramic suspensions and subsequent metal infiltration, we demonstrate that the concept of ordered hierarchical design can be applied to create fine-scale laminated ceramic -metal (bulk) composites that are inexpensive, lightweight and display exceptional damage-tolerance properties. Specifically, Al 2 O 3 /Al -Si laminates with ceramic contents up to approximately 40 vol% and with lamellae thicknesses down to 10 mm were processed and characterized. These structures achieve an excellent fracture toughness of 40 MPa p m at a tensile strength of approximately 300 MPa. Salient toughening mechanisms are described together with further toughening strategies.