A Simpler Device for Measuring the Mobility of the First Ray of the Foot

Kim, J-Young; Hwang, Seung Keun; Lee, Kyung Tai; Young, Ki Won; Jung, Ju Seon

doi:10.3113/fai.2008.0213

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Based on clinical experience, Root et al proposed that the normal movement of the first ray was 5 mm of dorsiflexion and 5 mm of plantarflexion in the sagittal plane [ 22 ], but they did not directly measure FRM with any scientific means. Later, various studies have been carried out using different measurement instruments to try to quantify FRM [ 9 , 10 , 32 ]. However, none of those instruments takes into account the first ray movement in the frontal plane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Range of Motion of the First Metatarsal in the Sagittal and Frontal Planes

Tavara-Vidalón

Monge-Vera

Lafuente-Sotillos

et al. 2018

JCM

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The first metatarsal and medial cuneiform form an important functional unit in the foot, called “first ray”. The first ray normal range of motion (ROM) is difficult to quantify due to the number of joints that are involved. Several methods have previously been proposed. Controversy exists related to normal movement of the first ray frontal plane accompanying that in the sagittal plane. The objective of this study was to investigate the ROM of the first ray in the sagittal and frontal planes in normal feet. Anterior-posterior radiographs were done of the feet of 40 healthy participants with the first ray in a neutral position, maximally dorsiflexed and maximally plantarflexed. They were digitalized and the distance between the tibial malleolus and the intersesamoid crest in the three positions mentioned was measured. The rotation of the first ray in these three positions was measured. A polynomic function that fits a curve describing the movement observed in the first ray was obtained using the least squares method. ROM of the first ray in the sagittal plane was 6.47 (SD 2.59) mm of dorsiflexion and 6.12 (SD 2.55) mm of plantarflexion. ROM in the frontal plane was 2.69 (SD 4.03) degrees of inversion during the dorsiflexion and 2.97 (SD 2.72) degrees during the plantarflexion. A second-degree equation was obtained, which represents the movement of the first ray. Passive dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the first ray were accompanied by movements in the frontal plane: 0.45 degrees of movement were produced in the frontal plane for each millimeter of displacement in the sagittal plane. These findings might be useful for the future design of instruments for clinically quantifying first ray mobility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Range of Motion of the First Metatarsal in the Sagittal and Frontal Planes

Tavara-Vidalón

Monge-Vera

Lafuente-Sotillos

et al. 2018

JCM

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“…Klaue et al introduced a device that measures dorsal first metatarsal displacement with a numeric value [9]. The validity and reliability of the ''Klaue Device'' has been demonstrated in many studies and has been compared with others methods or radiological investigations [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Several authors quantify a pathological dorsal hypermobility as a displacement, regardless of the test used, of more than 10 mm [3,9,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of dorsal and dorsomedial displacement in evaluation of first ray hypermobility in feet with and without hallux valgus

Singh

Biz

Corradin

et al. 2016

Foot and Ankle Surgery

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“…More simple instruments have been subsequently created aiming at solving some of the aforementioned inconveniences [18,19]. However, some studies have reported only limited concordance and data reliability [16,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Validity and Reliability of a New Simple Instrument for the Measurement of First Ray Mobility

Munuera-Martínez

Vidalón

Monge-Vera

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Several methods have been described to quantify the first ray mobility. They all have certain disadvantages (great size, sophistication, or lack of validation). The objective of this work was to study the validity and reliability of a new instrument for the measurement of first ray mobility. Anterior-posterior radiographs were obtained from 25 normal feet and 24 hallux valgus feet, with the first ray in a neutral position, maximally dorsiflexed and maximally plantarflexed. The first ray mobility was radiographicaly measured in both groups, and was also manually examined with the new device. A cluster analysis determined whether normal and hallux valgus feet were correctly classified, and a graphic analysis of Bland-Altman was performed to compare the radiographic and manual measurement techniques. Based on the radiographs, the first ray mobility only showed significant differences in dorsiflexion between both groups (P = 0.015). First ray dorsiflexion, plantarflexion and total range of motion measured with the new device were different between both groups (P = 0.040, P = 0.011 and P = 0.006, respectively). The silhouette measure of the cohesion and separation coefficients from the cluster analysis was greater than 0.50 for the dorsiflexion, plantarflexion and total range of motion obtained from the radiographs and from the new device. The Bland-Altman graph suggested that 96% of the data presented agreement between both measurement methods. These results suggested that the new instrument was valid and reliable.

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A Simpler Device for Measuring the Mobility of the First Ray of the Foot

Abstract: This study demonstrated that the EMC device is both reliable and valid for measuring the mobility of the first ray of the foot.

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Static Range of Motion of the First Metatarsal in the Sagittal and Frontal Planes

Static Range of Motion of the First Metatarsal in the Sagittal and Frontal Planes

Comparison of dorsal and dorsomedial displacement in evaluation of first ray hypermobility in feet with and without hallux valgus

The Validity and Reliability of a New Simple Instrument for the Measurement of First Ray Mobility

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