A simplified and standardized neutralization enzyme immunoassay for the quantification of measles neutralizing antibody

Lee, Min-Shi; Cohen, B. J.; Hand, Julian F.; Nokes, D. James

doi:10.1016/s0166-0934(98)00178-5

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A standard in-house indirect quantitative enzyme immunoassay was used to determine measles Ab concentrations while the avidity testing was performed using the Enzygnost Measles virus IgG detection ELISA kit (Dade-Behring, Marburg, Germany) as previously described. 34 The cut off for protective levels was set to more than 0.2 IU/mL 35 and avidity (%) was calculated as the ratio of the absorbance values with and without urea treatment. Determination of anti-HIV-1 antibody titers was performed by using the Enzygnost HIV 1 ⁄2 Plus ELISA (Dade-Behering) following the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Specific Antibody Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of hypergammaglobulinemia and impaired antigen-specific humoral immunity in HIV-1 infection

Milito

Nilsson

Titanji

et al. 2004

Blood

282

280

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IntroductionA profound impairment of immune functions occurs in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Both the cellular and the humoral arms of the immune system are unable to control the infection, which ultimately results in severe exhaustion of several lymphocyte functions and increased susceptibility to secondary and opportunistic infections. Major immunologic defects occur in the B-cell compartment. 1 Polyclonal B-cell activation is demonstrated by hypergammaglobulinemia and spontaneous antibodies' (Abs) production by cultured peripheral lymphocytes 2,3 ; additional signs of B-cell abnormality are the high incidence of B-cell tumors 4 and the deregulated expression of several surface molecules like Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), CD5, CD21, and CD27. 5-8 B-cell hyperactivity is also accompanied by functional defects since humoral immune responses following immunization are severely impaired in HIV-1-infected subjects and B lymphocytes from patients are poorly responsive to in vitro stimulation. [9][10][11] Several mechanisms may account for the B-cell abnormalities in HIV-1 infection. A direct effect of virus replication or viral proteins on B-cell function has been shown 12 and sustained by the observation that polyclonal B-cell activation is strongly reduced following effective antiretroviral treatment. 13-15 HIV-driven unbalanced production of several cytokines like tumor necrosis factor ␣ (TNF-␣), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, and IL-15 has also been involved in B-cell dysfunctions. [16][17][18] Defective T-cell help may account for B-cell unresponsiveness to T-cell-dependent antigens. 19,20 The defect of B cells in HIV-1 infection appears, however, to be intrinsic since it begins early during infection preceding functional and quantitative defects in T-helper activity and cannot be restored by allogenic normal CD4 ϩ T cells in vitro. 3,21 The mechanisms inducing hypergammaglobulinemia in HIV-1 infection are only partially known. Activation driven by CD4 ϩ T cells, monocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells through CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction and an inappropriate cytokine supply may have a relevant role in inducing abnormal differentiation of B cells. 17,22 In addition, HIV-1 itself may directly affect B-cell activation and dysfunction, inducing the appearance of a subset of CD21 Ϫ B cells which have been proposed to contribute to increased antibody production. 23,24 A recent work by Hunziker et al 25 has suggested that naive B cells represent an important source of hypergammaglobulinemia and autoantibody production in chronic viral infections.Because of the lack of protective humoral immunity, HIV-1-infected individuals receive vaccination against several pathogens. However, many studies have reported an impaired humoral immune response in most of the patients after vaccination. [9][10][11]26,27 From the Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, and the Gay Men's Health Clinic, The Soder Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; the Swedish Institute for Infectious...

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Section: Specific Antibody Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of hypergammaglobulinemia and impaired antigen-specific humoral immunity in HIV-1 infection

Milito

Nilsson

Titanji

et al. 2004

Blood

282

280

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“…20 For quantitative measurement, the World Health Organization 2nd International Standard for Anti-Measles Serum was included. The cutoff for protective levels was set to Ͼ0.2 IU/mL.…”

Section: Antibody Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cutoff for protective levels was set to Ͼ0.2 IU/mL. 20 For detection of rubella antibodies, an automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay (Rubella IgG 2.0 IMx; Abbott, Abbott Park, IL) with partially purified rubella virus (strain HPV77) was used, and the assay was conducted in an IMx Analyzer according to the manufacturers' instructions. The 6 calibrators included in the assay are referenced to the World Health Organization International Standard for Anti-Rubella Serum at each concentration.…”

Section: Antibody Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Chemotherapy Protocols for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Induce Loss of Humoral Immunity to Viral Vaccination Antigens

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To evaluate viral vaccination immunity and booster responses in children treated successfully for acute lymphoblastic leukemia by chemotherapy and to study the response to treatment of antibody-producing plasma cells that are important for persistence of humoral immunity.Methods. Forty-three children who were in continuous first remission for a median of 5 years (range: 2-12 years) were studied. Before the leukemia was diagnosed, all children had been immunized against measles, mumps, and rubella according to the Swedish National immunization program. We analyzed levels of serum antibodies against measles and rubella by enzyme immunoassays. Avidity tests for measles antibodies were concomitantly performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measles virus immunoglobulin G detection. The proportion of plasma cells in bone marrow was studied by flow cytometry at different times during treatment and follow-up. Children who lacked protective levels of antibodies to vaccination antigens were reimmunized. Serum was collected 3 months after immunization to assess vaccination responses.Results. After completion of the treatment, only 26 of the 43 children (60%) were found to be immune against measles and 31 (72%) against rubella. The proportion of bone marrow plasma cells decreased during treatment but returned to normal after 6 months. Revaccination caused both primary and secondary immune responses. Six of the 14 children without immunity failed to achieve protective levels of specific antibodies against measles and 3 against rubella.Conclusions. Our finding of loss of antibodies against measles and rubella in children treated with intensive chemotherapy suggests that reimmunization of these patients is necessary after completion of the treatment. To determine reimmunization schedules for children treated with chemotherapy, vaccination responses need to be studied further. A n increasing number of children survive leukemia as a result of improved and more intense chemotherapy. Other factors that influence outcome are improved supportive care including platelet transfusions, treatment with growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and prophylactic antibiotic treatment. 1,2 Few studies have focused on potential long-term immunologic consequences of chemotherapy in survivors of childhood leukemia. Short-term (Ͻ2 years) effects of chemotherapy on immune function have previously been documented in children who were treated for malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). 3,4 In those children, severe Band T-cell depletion results in clinical complications related to immune incompetence, 5,6 although the total B-and T-cell counts resolve quantitatively 6 months to 1 year after cessation of therapy. [7][8][9][10] In earlier studies, children who were treated with chemotherapy had lower levels of antibodies against common viral vaccination antigens such as measles, mumps, rubella, and polio. 11 The clinical implications, if any, of this finding are not completely und...

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“…Measles NT titre was measured with a standardised neutralisation enzyme immunoassay (Nt-EIA), which employed EIA to detect the growth of a wild-type measles virus in Vero cells [Lee et al, 1999]. Compared with the plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT), the Nt-EIA has high sensitivity (98.6%), specificity (100%), and agreement (98.8%) by qualitative comparison and good correlation (n‫,16ס‬ r‫,77.0ס‬ P<0.001, ttest) by quantitative comparison.…”

Section: Serological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective titres of measles neutralising antibody

et al. 2000

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A nation-wide measles outbreak occurred in 1988 in Taiwan. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to define the protective titre of measles neutralising (NT) antibody. Paired sera collected in 1987 and 1988 were available from 190 individuals born in 1984 who had participated in an annual hepatitis B immunisation follow-up from 1986 to 1991. Measles NT titres were quantified using a standardised neutralisation enzyme immunoassay. Measles infection was defined as a >/=4-fold rise in NT titre or seroconversion between paired sera. Symptomatic measles infection was ascribed to individuals who had measles infection and who reported measles-like symptoms between 1987 and 1988. Results demonstrated a dose-response relationship between pre-exposure NT titres and protection against measles infection. 47 of 48 individuals with measles infection in 1988 had pre-exposure NT titres 1, 000 mIU/ml may prevent measles infection and NT titres >500 mIU/ml may prevent symptomatic infection but vaccinees with undetectable or low NT titres may not necessarily be susceptible to symptomatic infection.

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A simplified and standardized neutralization enzyme immunoassay for the quantification of measles neutralizing antibody

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Mechanisms of hypergammaglobulinemia and impaired antigen-specific humoral immunity in HIV-1 infection

Mechanisms of hypergammaglobulinemia and impaired antigen-specific humoral immunity in HIV-1 infection

Current Chemotherapy Protocols for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Induce Loss of Humoral Immunity to Viral Vaccination Antigens

Protective titres of measles neutralising antibody

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