A simplified approach for estimating age-0 gizzard shad prey supply and predator demand

Evans, Nathan Thomas; Shoup, Daniel E.; Glover, David C.

doi:10.1111/fme.12062

Cited by 13 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Fortunately, air temperatures are a good predictor of surface water temperature, even in deep lakes that can thermally stratify , and can be successfully applied to models evaluating the effects of climate change on fishes (Sharma et al 2007). Bioenergetic models for most fishes are not sensitive to growing season temperature differences that occur across geographical ranges spanning even 68 of latitude (Evans et al 2014). Thus, any error introduced by the use of air temperature as a surrogate of water temperature should be negligible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic theory explains latitudinal variation in common carp populations and predicts responses to climate change

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Climate change is expected to alter temperature regimes experienced by fishes, which may also alter life history traits. However, predicting population-level responses to climate change has been difficult. Metabolic theory of ecology has been developed to explain how metabolism controls a variety of ecological processes, including life history attributes. Thus, this theory may be a useful tool for predicting fish population responses to climate change. To understand how climate change may alter freshwater fish life history, we measured population characteristics (e.g., recruitment, growth, body size, and mortality) of 21 North American common carp Cyprinus carpio populations spanning a latitudinal gradient of .2,700 km. We then evaluated (1) how metabolic rates vary with body size and temperature (i.e., metabolic theory of ecology) to interpret latitudinal patterns in life history traits and (2) how predicted increases in annual temperature as a result of climate change may alter metabolism and population characteristics. Common carp growth and mortality decreased whereas fish size and age increased with increasing latitude. Common carp growth rate was 22% faster but mortality was 31% higher for the most southern population compared to the most northern population. Incorporating latitudinal population patterns into metabolic theory of ecology models explained substantial variation in mortality and longevity among populations and suggested that metabolism will increase with temperature according to three global warming scenarios. The greatest metabolic increase occurred at the largest predicted increase in temperature and metabolism increased more for southern populations compared to northern populations. Combined, our findings suggest common carp and other fishes may experience increased growth and metabolic demands but populations may attain smaller body size due to higher mortality in response to climate change.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic theory explains latitudinal variation in common carp populations and predicts responses to climate change

et al. 2015

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“…As such, demand will always be higher than estimated consumption rates (Ney ; Evans et al. ). Fisheries managers should be conservative with supply–demand comparisons, especially when managing important game fish.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…; Evans et al. ). At a very basic level, we question whether certain freshwater systems can support these types of changes, particularly with respect to food supply and consumption demand (Ney ).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…; Evans et al. ). After demand is estimated through modeling, it can be compared with prey biomass and production estimates to aid in explaining a system's capacity for certain populations (e.g., Hayes et al.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…From a broad perspective, these tasks may include controlling invasive species (Tyus and Saunders 2000;Sanderson et al 2009), balancing natural populations with stocking inputs (Berejikian et al 2008;Blair et al 2013), and determining how human dimensions interplay with population dynamics and prey (Anderson et al 2008;Blanchfield et al 2015). In many instances, managers are concerned with these issues because of potential density-dependent effects (e.g., Raborn et al 2007;Evans et al 2014). At a very basic level, we question whether certain freshwater systems can support these types of changes, particularly with respect to food supply and consumption demand (Ney 1990).…”

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Modeling Brook Trout Carrying Capacity in Owhi Lake, Washington, Using Bioenergetics

Taylor

Cross

Moore

2019

N American J Fish Manag

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The management of fish populations often requires an understanding of how density‐dependent effects influence population dynamics. In systems where natural populations are supplemented with stocking, the question of “how much food is available” becomes increasingly important. One typical approach for assessing density‐dependent interactions is to identify disparities between fish consumption rates and food availability. The objective of our study was to determine whether seasonal lake prey production could support Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis consumption demand in Owhi Lake, Washington, at observed abundances. Brook Trout were collected seasonally from 2015 to 2017 to obtain information on length, weight, age, diet, growth, and mortality. Population abundance was estimated in summer by using hydroacoustic surveys. Littoral invertebrates and pelagic zooplankton were collected concurrently with fish to enumerate biomass and production. Bioenergetics modeling was used to estimate prey consumption by Brook Trout. In conjunction with supply–demand comparisons, we used growth efficiencies and maximum consumption rates to further identify potential seasonal and annual food limitations. Our results suggest that prey production could support Brook Trout consumption demand for all years, but littoral invertebrate consumption was close to or exceeded prey production in summer and fall 2017. Growth efficiency was lowest and maximum consumption rates were highest in summer 2017 relative to all other seasons and years. In addition to observed diet switching from littoral invertebrates to zooplankton in summer 2016 and 2017, we concluded that lower growth efficiencies, lower annual survival rates, and increased consumption rates were influenced by littoral invertebrate production. The Owhi Lake Brook Trout stocking program may require adaptive management (i.e., annual evaluations) to balance natural recruitment.

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Effects of Wintertime Stocking of Rainbow Trout on the Forage Community of an Oklahoma Impoundment

Snow¹,

Shoup

Porta³

et al. 2019

N American J Fish Manag

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Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss are sometimes stocked to create put-and-take fisheries in small impoundments. Information about the effects of these stockings on existing piscivores is poorly understood. Therefore, we performed a study to evaluate the forage consumption by Rainbow Trout stocked in Lake Carl Etling, Oklahoma. A creel survey during the 2014-2015 trout season determined that angling pressure was low, which left the majority of stocked trout in the lake until their thermal maximum was exceeded in late May-June. Rainbow Trout stomach contents were collected monthly from November through April annually (2015-2018) via gastric lavage. Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum were consumed during most months, but their occurrence in Rainbow Trout stomachs was highest in January and December. A sharp decline in Gizzard Shad consumption was followed by an increase in detritus consumption each year. Using either Gizzard Shad numbers observed in monthly Rainbow Trout diets or the estimated monthly abundance of Rainbow Trout, we postulated that Rainbow Trout substantially affected age-0 Gizzard Shad biomass (reducing it by 66.7 or 54.6 kg/ha, respectively), potentially negatively affecting growth rates of other piscivores in the system. This study demonstrates the unintended consequences of stocking an additional predatory fish into small impoundments and the importance of evaluating angler harvest of these stocking programs to ensure the stocked species receives sufficient angler harvest to match stocking rates and prevent negative impacts on the fish community (both forage and other piscivorous species).

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A simplified approach for estimating age-0 gizzard shad prey supply and predator demand

Cited by 13 publications

References 53 publications

Metabolic theory explains latitudinal variation in common carp populations and predicts responses to climate change

Metabolic theory explains latitudinal variation in common carp populations and predicts responses to climate change

Modeling Brook Trout Carrying Capacity in Owhi Lake, Washington, Using Bioenergetics

Effects of Wintertime Stocking of Rainbow Trout on the Forage Community of an Oklahoma Impoundment

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