A simplified model to predict the thermal response of PLG and its influence on BLEVE

The boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE): Mechanism, consequence assessment, management

“…It has been surmised [68][69][70] that when a fire engulfs a PLG tank, the liquid near the wall is heated, becomes less dense and rises to the top, rendering the liquid thermally stratified. As this top liquid dictates the tank pressure, the actual tank pressure in such a situation would be higher than the one expected from the average liquid temperature.…”

Modeling the performance of coated LPG tanks engulfed in fires

“…Although several simplified models [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and some more detailed approaches [22][23][24] were proposed in the literature for the calculation of the time to failure of LPG tanks engulfed by fires, scarce work was done to understand in detail the effects of protective coatings on the time to failure of pressurized tanks. In the present study, an approach based on finite element modeling (FEM) was selected to explore the problem.…”

Using liquid superheating energy for a quick estimation of overpressure in BLEVEs and similar explosions

“…Several researchers have published articles concerning the diverse aspects of these accidents, such as the mechanisms of explosions [1], the influence of thermal stratification [2], and the behavior of ejected fragments [3]. Our knowledge about the phenomenon has significantly improved, although not sufficiently.…”