A simplified procedure for the subtractive cDNA cloning of photoassimilate-responding genes: isolation of cDNAs encoding a new class of pathogenesis-related proteins

Herbers, Karin; Mönke, Gudrun; Badur, Ralf; Sonnewald, Uwe

doi:10.1007/bf00014975

Cited by 61 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The majority of these solutes are contributed by Fru and Glc, which each accumulate to near molar levels in grape juice (Kliewer, 1965). Such levels of free hexoses have now been shown to repress the synthesis of chlorophyll fl/b-binding proteins (Sheen, 1990) and induce the synthesis of a number of defense-related genes such as proteinase inhibitor II (Johnson and Ryan, 1990), chalcone synthase (Tsukaya et al, 1991), and four PR proteins (PAR-1, PR-lb, PR-Q, and SAR 8.2) in the leaves of transgenic tobacco plants (Herbers et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Fruit-Specific, Thaumatin-Like Protein That Accumulates at Very High Levels in Conjunction with the Onset of Sugar Accumulation and Berry Softening in Grapes

1997

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Fruit-Specific, Thaumatin-Like Protein That Accumulates at Very High Levels in Conjunction with the Onset of Sugar Accumulation and Berry Softening in Grapes

1997

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“…Paul20 encodes a protein homologous to At3g54040 (Nt-sube80 protein), which is known to be induced by elicitors and photoassimilate accumulation (Herbers et al, 1995). Paul4 (NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase) has been reported to be present mainly in mitochondria of non-photosynthetic tissues, but it was strongly induced by a number of stress treatments in a study by Desfrancssmall et al (1993).…”

Section: Ests From 35 Additional Genes Were Significantly Enriched Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression in Autumn Leaves

et al. 2003

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Two cDNA libraries were prepared, one from leaves of a field-grown aspen (Populus tremula) tree, harvested just before any visible sign of leaf senescence in the autumn, and one from young but fully expanded leaves of greenhouse-grown aspen (Populus tremula ϫ tremuloides). Expressed sequence tags (ESTs; 5,128 and 4,841, respectively) were obtained from the two libraries. A semiautomatic method of annotation and functional classification of the ESTs, according to a modified Munich Institute of Protein Sequences classification scheme, was developed, utilizing information from three different databases. The patterns of gene expression in the two libraries were strikingly different. In the autumn leaf library, ESTs encoding metallothionein, early light-inducible proteins, and cysteine proteases were most abundant. Clones encoding other proteases and proteins involved in respiration and breakdown of lipids and pigments, as well as stress-related genes, were also well represented. We identified homologs to many known senescence-associated genes, as well as seven different genes encoding cysteine proteases, two encoding aspartic proteases, five encoding metallothioneins, and 35 additional genes that were up-regulated in autumn leaves. We also indirectly estimated the rate of plastid protein synthesis in the autumn leaves to be less that 10% of that in young leaves.Leaf senescence is the final stage in leaf development, and understanding senescence is important not only for purely scientific reasons, but also for practical purposes. Premature senescence leads, for example, to decreased photosynthetic capacity, and consequently lower yield. Senescence is not simply the passive death of a leaf because of aging, but is a tightly controlled process during which cell components are degraded in a coordinated fashion and, when nutrients have been relocated to other parts of the plant body, the cell finally dies (Gan and Amasino, 1997;Nooden et al., 1997). Despite the resemblance with apoptosis of animal cells (Yen and Yang, 1998), a form of programmed cell death, only a few orthologs of genes regulating apoptosis have been found in plants, indicating that there are significant differences between the processes (Koonin and Aravind, 2002). Plant cells respond to some animal apoptosis regulators (e.g. Danon et al., 2000), so there must be common elements between the processes. However, it seems as if plants have developed a unique mode of cell death (Beers, 1997) that, if understood, may give insight into processes that are important for cell integrity and viability. However, very little is known about the details of plant leaf senescence.During the last decade, studies of leaf senescence, focusing especially on Arabidopsis, and other annual species to a lesser extent, have identified a number of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and cellular mechanisms of senescence have begun to be elucidated, as reviewed by various authors (BuchananWollaston, 1997;Nam, 1997;Quirino et al., 2000). The most obvious visual phenotype of senescen...

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“…15 #g total RNA was loaded per lane. Northern blots were hybridized with PR-Q cDNA (Herbers et al, 1995). Leaf samples were harvested from plants 12 h after beginning of the light period.…”

Section: Expression Of Plrv Mp17 Movement Protein Leads To Carbohydramentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of a luteoviral movement protein in transgenic plants leads to carbohydrate accumulation and reduced photosynthetic capacity in source leaves

Herbers

Tacke²,

Hazirezaei

et al. 1997

The Plant Journal

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SummaryElucidating the role of viral genes in transgenic plants revealed that the movement protein (MP| from tobacco mosaic virus is responsible for altered carbohydrate allocation in tobacco and potato plants. To study whether this is a general feature of viral MPs, the movement protein MP17 of potato leafroll virus (PLRV), a phloem-restricted luteovirus, was constitutively expressed in tobacco plants. Transgenic lines were strongly reduced in height and developed bleached and sometimes even necrotic areas on their source leaves. Levels of soluble sugars and starch were significantly increased in source leaves. Yet, in leaf laminae the hexose-phosphate content was unaltered and ATP reduced to only a small extent, indicating that these leaves were able to maintain homeostatic conditions by co~npartmentalization of soluble sugars, probably in the vacuole. On the contrary, midribs contained lower levels of soluble sugars, ATP, hexose-phosphates and UDP-glucose supporting the concept of limited uptake and catabolism of sucrose in the phloem. The accumulation of carbohydrates led to a decreased photosynthetic capacity and carboxylation efficiency of ribulose-l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) probably owing to decreased expression of photosynthetic proteins. In parallel, levels of pathogenesis-related proteins were elevated which may be the reason for the obtained limited resistance against the unrelated potato virus Y (PVY) N in the transgenic tobacco plants. Ultrathin sections of affected leaves harvested from 2-week-old plants revealed plasmodesmal alterations in the phloem tissue while plasmodesmata between mesophyll cells were indistinguishable from wildtype. These data favour the phloem tissue to be the primary site of PLRV MP17 action in altering carbohydrate metabolism.

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A simplified procedure for the subtractive cDNA cloning of photoassimilate-responding genes: isolation of cDNAs encoding a new class of pathogenesis-related proteins

Cited by 61 publications

References 34 publications

Identification and Characterization of a Fruit-Specific, Thaumatin-Like Protein That Accumulates at Very High Levels in Conjunction with the Onset of Sugar Accumulation and Berry Softening in Grapes

Identification and Characterization of a Fruit-Specific, Thaumatin-Like Protein That Accumulates at Very High Levels in Conjunction with the Onset of Sugar Accumulation and Berry Softening in Grapes

Gene Expression in Autumn Leaves

Expression of a luteoviral movement protein in transgenic plants leads to carbohydrate accumulation and reduced photosynthetic capacity in source leaves

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