A simulation and experimental study of electrochemical pH control at gold interdigitated electrode arrays

O'Sullivan, Benjamin; Patella, Bernardo; Daly, Robert J.; Seymour, Ian; Robinson, Caoimhe; Lovera, Pierre; Rohan, James F.; Inguanta, Rosalinda; O’Riordan, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139113

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The development of new kinds of analytical devices able to carry out fast, accurate, and real time analysis in situ is of great importance in many different fields, from health [68][69][70][71], to sport [72][73][74], homecare and environment among others [58,73,[75][76][77][78][79]. Electrochemical immunosensors are perfect candidates to achieve this as they are cheap and portable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Flexible Substrate and Application as an Electrochemical Immunoglobulin-G Immunosensor

et al. 2022

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Immunoglobulin G (IgG), a type of antibody, represents approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, and is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. Consequently, the development of simple, fast and reliable systems for IgG detection, which can be achieved using electrochemical sandwich-type immunosensors, is of considerable interest. In this study we have developed an immunosensor for human (H)-IgG using an inexpensive and very simple fabrication method based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) obtained through the electrodeposition of ZnO. The ZnO NRs were treated by electrodepositing a layer of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to ensure an easy immobilization of the antibodies. On Indium Tin Oxide supported on Polyethylene Terephthalate/ZnO NRs/rGO substrate, the sandwich configuration of the immunosensor was built through different incubation steps, which were all optimized. The immunosensor is electrochemically active thanks to the presence of gold nanoparticles tagging the secondary antibody. The immunosensor was used to measure the current density of the hydrogen development reaction which is indirectly linked to the concentration of H-IgG. In this way the calibration curve was constructed obtaining a logarithmic linear range of 10–1000 ng/mL with a detection limit of few ng/mL and good sensitivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Flexible Substrate and Application as an Electrochemical Immunoglobulin-G Immunosensor

et al. 2022

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“…Interestingly, a preliminary study on the electric double layer (EDL), electric field distribution, and current density of IDEA can be performed numerically using finite element analysis (FEA) [ 88 ] software, such as COMSOL Multiphysics and ELECTRO. Finite element analysis simulation gives an early insight into the experimental outcomes and minimizes design errors [ 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ]. The digital simulation helps researchers to predict the IDEA’s electrical performance by virtually varying the height, gap, and width of IDEA [ 46 , 48 , 69 , 93 , 94 , 95 ].…”

Section: Micro and Nano Ideamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The digital simulation helps researchers to predict the IDEA’s electrical performance by virtually varying the height, gap, and width of IDEA [ 46 , 48 , 69 , 93 , 94 , 95 ]. The experimental results may differ from the simulation results as fabricated electrode dimensions and resultant EDL [ 69 ] may vary, affecting the overall sensor measurement [ 91 , 96 ]. Despite that, computational simulation offers early analysis of the sensor sensitivity from various electrode geometries and configurations, prior to actual fabrication.…”

Section: Micro and Nano Ideamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to carbon-based IDEAs, metal/noble metals, such as Au, Pt, Al, Fe, and organic/inorganic-based nanoparticles, have been used as IDEA’s electrode materials, with gold (Au) [ 91 ] or platinum (Pt) being the most popular selections for IDEA’s starting materials [ 97 ]. Gold has many favorable properties, such as inertness, biocompatibility, resistance to oxidation, high conductivity, compatibility with surface functionalization methods, and suitability to being manufactured in ranges of nanosizes [ 98 , 99 ].…”

Section: Micro and Nano Ideamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro and Nano Interdigitated Electrode Array (IDEA)-Based MEMS/NEMS as Electrochemical Transducers: A Review

et al. 2022

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Micro and nano interdigitated electrode array (µ/n-IDEA) configurations are prominent working electrodes in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors/biosensors, as their design benefits sensor achievement. This paper reviews µ/n-IDEA as working electrodes in four-electrode electrochemical sensors in terms of two-dimensional (2D) planar IDEA and three-dimensional (3D) IDEA configurations using carbon or metal as the starting materials. In this regard, the enhancement of IDEAs-based biosensors focuses on controlling the width and gap measurements between the adjacent fingers and increases the IDEA’s height. Several distinctive methods used to expand the surface area of 3D IDEAs, such as a unique 3D IDEA design, integration of mesh, microchannel, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT), and nanoparticles, are demonstrated and discussed. More notably, the conventional four-electrode system, consisting of reference and counter electrodes will be compared to the highly novel two-electrode system that adopts IDEA’s shape. Compared to the 2D planar IDEA, the expansion of the surface area in 3D IDEAs demonstrated significant changes in the performance of electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, the challenges faced by current IDEAs-based electrochemical biosensors and their potential solutions for future directions are presented herein.

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“…[13][14][15][16] In addition, the simulation study of multiple IDE designs helps to quickly determine the best dimensions in account for possible size variations during mass production. 17,18 However, the miniaturized IDEs are often fabricated using complex and tedious photolithography processes, mostly in cleanroom environments. 12,18 Meanwhile, screen-printing offers a much simpler approach, in which high-viscosity ink is squeezed through a patterned screen mask and is widely used in fabrication of biosensor.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of Rapid Dispense-Printed Flexible Interdigitated Electrode Modified with rGO-TiO₂ Nanohybrid for Glucose Detection

Rezali

Aidit

Nouxman

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A rapid and facile method in developing a printed electrochemical glucose sensor constructed using flexible interdigitated electrode (IDE) employed with reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is demonstrated. A 2x3 silver (Ag)-based IDE array based on a simulated IDE model, was fabricated via a single-step dispense-printing within less than five minutes, while a rGO-TiO2 nanohybrid and glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was coated on the IDE surface simply via drop-casting method. Exceptional reproducibility and repeatability of the printed IDE functionalized with rGO-TiO2/GOx in terms of electrical and mechanical performance were observed. The stability of the sensor was investigated over a week period, in which 6-7% performance degradation was recorded based on resistance measurement in flat state, whereas no further significant loss was noted over the same period in bending state. The IDE sensor was tested using chronoamperometry with varied glucose concentrations up to 30 mM, resulted in a stabilized current after 5 s. The sensitivity plot attained depicted a best linear fit of 0.988 obtained at response time of 60 s, while covering lowest detection at 0.05 mM. The application of this sensor could contribute as an alternative method to develop a reliable and economical glucose sensing wearable for independent monitoring.

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A simulation and experimental study of electrochemical pH control at gold interdigitated electrode arrays

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Flexible Substrate and Application as an Electrochemical Immunoglobulin-G Immunosensor

Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Flexible Substrate and Application as an Electrochemical Immunoglobulin-G Immunosensor

Micro and Nano Interdigitated Electrode Array (IDEA)-Based MEMS/NEMS as Electrochemical Transducers: A Review

Development of Rapid Dispense-Printed Flexible Interdigitated Electrode Modified with rGO-TiO₂ Nanohybrid for Glucose Detection

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A simulation and experimental study of electrochemical pH control at gold interdigitated electrode arrays

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Flexible Substrate and Application as an Electrochemical Immunoglobulin-G Immunosensor

Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Flexible Substrate and Application as an Electrochemical Immunoglobulin-G Immunosensor

Micro and Nano Interdigitated Electrode Array (IDEA)-Based MEMS/NEMS as Electrochemical Transducers: A Review

Development of Rapid Dispense-Printed Flexible Interdigitated Electrode Modified with rGO-TiO2 Nanohybrid for Glucose Detection

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Product

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Development of Rapid Dispense-Printed Flexible Interdigitated Electrode Modified with rGO-TiO₂ Nanohybrid for Glucose Detection