“…They are normally commissioned by various commercial, governmental, or research entities to engage in a variety of commerce-and research-based activities from sales to customer support to marketing (see Gans, Koole & Mandelbaum, 2003). Centers have employed a variety of strategies to improve efficiency and maximize profits, including 24-hour staffing, just-intime performance evaluations, incentive programs for rapid or high-quality output, and optimized cueing (see, Ta, et al, 2021;Borst, Mandelbaum & Reiman, 2004). More recently, call center performance has been enhanced and expanded via machine learning, AI, and deep learning processes (see, e.g., Woodcock, 2022;Deschamps-Berger, Lamel & Devillers, 2021).…”