“…In [28], the authors incorporated a link between the damage rate, dD/dN , and the crack growth rate, da/dN , which was later followed in [29][30][31][33][34][35]. By using this approach, any influence of the load ratio, R, and/or the mode mixity, Φ, is included in the formulation by means of a phenomenological model for the crack growth rate, da/dN = f (G max , R, Φ...).…”