A single administration of barley β-glucan and arabinoxylan extracts reduces blood glucose levels at the second meal via intestinal fermentation

Abstract

Diet with barley may suppress the glycemic response after consuming the next meal (“second meal effect”). This study aimed to investigate the second meal effect and its mechanism. Mice were given a single dose of β-glucan or arabinoxylan, the primary sources of soluble fiber in barley. A single dose of β-glucan or arabinoxylan extract, followed 6 h later by a 20% glucose solution (second meal), suppressed blood glucose elevation. Arabinoxylan and β-glucan increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the ileum and cecum, respectively. Total GLP-1 secretion in the blood increased with β-glucan and showed an increasing trend with arabinoxylan. These results suggest barley β-glucan and arabinoxylan are fermented in the intestinal tract to generate SCFAs, which may induce GLP-1 secretion and control blood glucose levels during the second meal.

Fermentation of millet bran with Bacillus natto: enhancement of bioactivity levels and the bioactivity of bran extract

“…30 Soluble dietary fiber, including ⊎-glucans and waterextractable arabinoxylan (WEAX), has shown health benefits in controlling postprandial blood glucose and preventing the onset of T2D. 34 The ⊎-glucan content increased from 0.15% (UFMBE) to 0.39% (FMBE), indicating that B. natto fermentation could convert insoluble ⊎-glucan into soluble ⊎-glucan, which was consistent with the results described by Kim et al 35 Polyphenols and flavones are abundant in plant-derived foods and show high antioxidant activity. The utilization and breakdown of lignocellulosic materials in the cell wall of millet bran (MB) during B. natto growth led to the release of the associated phenolic compounds, increasing the free polyphenol and flavone content.…”

“…Moreover, cellulase and xylanase secreted by B. natto might break down insoluble dietary fiber and convert it to SDF, leading to an increase in the SDF content of FMBE 30 . Soluble dietary fiber, including β ‐glucans and water‐extractable arabinoxylan (WEAX), has shown health benefits in controlling postprandial blood glucose and preventing the onset of T2D 34 . The β ‐glucan content increased from 0.15% (UFMBE) to 0.39% (FMBE), indicating that B. natto fermentation could convert insoluble β ‐glucan into soluble β ‐glucan, which was consistent with the results described by Kim et al 35 .…”