A single bout of exercise improves vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with obesity

Heiston, Emily M.; Liu, Zhenqi; Ballantyne, Anna; Kranz, Sibylle; Malin, Steven K.

doi:10.1002/oby.23229

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Exercise has been shown to ameliorate insulin action in insulin-resistant individuals ( 11 ) by improvement of the pathophysiologic pathways involved in insulin resistance ( 12 ). The beneficial exercise effect on insulin sensitivity occurs after several weeks ( 13 ) or even after a single bout of exercise in adults with obesity ( 14 ). Moreover, it seems that HIIT induces similar acute improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity as moderate-intensity continuous training ( 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Improves Risk Markers for Cardiometabolic Health More Than Exercise in Men and Women With Overfat Constitution: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

et al. 2022

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PurposeThis randomized controlled parallel-group study examined the effects of a very low-carbohydrate high-fat (VLCHF) diet and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program over 12-weeks on cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with overfat constitution.MethodsNinety-one participants out of 109 completed the study. The participants were randomly allocated to the HIIT (N = 22), VLCHF (N = 25), VLCHF+HIIT (N = 25), or control (N = 19) groups for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma samples were collected before the intervention and after 4 and 12 weeks. The analyzed outcomes included complete blood count, glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL-C and LDL-C), lipoprotein(a), adiponectin (Adpn), leptin (Lep), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), other interleukins (hs-IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10), and IL-1RA. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Adpn/Lep ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, and TyG index were calculated and analyzed. Blood pressure was measured before the intervention, after 4, 8, and 12 weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03934476).ResultsAbsolute changes in HOMA-IR, Adpn/Lep ratio, LDL-C, and diastolic blood pressure after 12 weeks differed by study groups (p < 0.05). The most pronounced changes were revealed in the VLCHF (ΔM [95% CI]; HOMA-IR: −0.75 [−1.13; −0.55]; Adpn/Lep: 9.34 [6.33; 37.39]; LDL-C: 0.06 [−0.12; 0.50] mmol/l) and VLCHF+HIIT (HOMA-IR: −0.44 [−1.14; 0.12]; Adpn/Lep: 4.26 [2.24; 13.16]; LDL-C: 0.25 [−0.04; 0.50] mmol/l) groups.ConclusionsA 12-week VLCHF diet intervention in individuals with overfat constitution is effective for favorable changes in HOMA-IR (compared to HIIT), Adpn/Lep ratio, and diastolic blood pressure. HIIT, or HIIT combined with the VLCHF diet, had no additional benefits for the analyzed variables. No adverse side effects were observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Improves Risk Markers for Cardiometabolic Health More Than Exercise in Men and Women With Overfat Constitution: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

et al. 2022

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“…For instance, it is important to note that the work of Heiston et al . (20) fed all energy 24 h before vascular measures. Interestingly, there was no rise in fasting brachial artery FMD or microvascular function in the forearm despite an approximate 400 kcal energy deficit.…”

Section: Does Energy Balance Modulate Exercise Effects On Endothelial...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, although several studies have examined the effects of exercise in a background of high fat or carbohydrate intake, consideration of energy expenditure with corresponding diet around exercise is often lacking. For instance, it is important to note that the work of Heiston et al (20) fed all energy 24 h before vascular measures. Interestingly, there was no rise in fasting brachial artery FMD or microvascular function in the forearm despite an approximate 400 kcal energy deficit.…”

Section: Does Energy Balance Modulate Exercise Effects On Endothelial...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, weight loss was minimal (~1 kg) in these studies given the acute or short-term nature. Although caloric restriction can improve indices of endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and central hemodynamics (20), we have seen that exercise adds to caloric deficit effects on brachial artery FMD in some individuals (21). Overall, exercise seems effective at improving postprandial FMD as well as indices of arterial stiffness in adults with obesity during dietary-induced hyperglycemia.…”

Section: How Does Exercise Alter the Postprandial State And Subsequen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, there was no rise in fasting brachial artery FMD or microvascular function in the forearm despite an approximate 400 kcal energy deficit. Yet, changes were seen during insulin stimulation (20). This may suggest that the effect of an exercise-induced energy deficit is more pronounced in “fed-like” states, whereas fasting is under different regulatory control across the arterial tree.…”

Section: Does Energy Balance Modulate Exercise Effects On Endothelial...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrition Interactions With Exercise Training on Endothelial Function

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Tracking Biomarker Responses to Exercise in Hypertension

et al. 2023

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Purpose of Review Strong evidence is evolving that physical exercise prevents hypertension and reduces blood pressure in patients with pre- and manifest HTN. Yet, identifying and confirming the effectiveness of exercise are challenging. Herein, we discuss conventional and novel biomarkers such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) which may track responses to HTN before and after exercise. Recent Findings Evolving data shows that improved aerobic fitness and vascular function as well as lowered oxidative stress, inflammation, and gluco-lipid toxicity are leading biomarkers considered to promote HTN, but they explain only about a half of the pathophysiology. Novel biomarkers such as EVs or microRNA are providing additional input to understand the complex mechanisms involved in exercise therapy for HTN patients. Summary Conventional and novel biomarkers are needed to fully understand the integrative “cross-talk” between tissues to regulate vasculature physiology for blood pressure control. These biomarker studies will lead to more specific disease markers and the development of even more personalized therapy in this field. However, more systematic approaches and randomized controlled trials in larger cohorts are needed to assess exercise effectiveness across the day and with different exercise types.

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A single bout of exercise improves vascular insulin sensitivity in adults with obesity

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Very Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Improves Risk Markers for Cardiometabolic Health More Than Exercise in Men and Women With Overfat Constitution: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Very Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Improves Risk Markers for Cardiometabolic Health More Than Exercise in Men and Women With Overfat Constitution: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Nutrition Interactions With Exercise Training on Endothelial Function

Tracking Biomarker Responses to Exercise in Hypertension

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