A single-chip integrated interfacing circuit for wide-range resistive gas sensor arrays

Ferri, Giuseppe; Carlo, Claudia Di; Stornelli, Vincenzo; Marcellis, Andrea De; Flammini, A.; Depari, A.; Jand, Nader

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2009.09.002

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…According to Ferri et al (2009b), however, the metal oxide used for the TGS 2600 sensor is TiO 2 . This metal oxide, in the form of granular micro-crystals, is heated to a high temperature at which oxygen in the air is adsorbed to the crystal surface (Figaro, 2005b).…”

Section: Principle Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of a low-cost methane sensor for ambient concentration measurements in preliminary studies

2012

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Abstract. Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after CO 2 and contributes to global warming. Its sources are not uniformly distributed across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and most of the methane flux is expected to stem from hotspots which often occupy a very small fraction of the total landscape area. Continuous time-series measurements of CH 4 concentrations can help identify and locate these methane hotspots. Newer, low-cost trace gas sensors such as the Figaro TGS 2600 can detect CH 4 even at ambient concentrations. Hence, in this paper we tested this sensor under real-world conditions over Toolik Lake, Alaska, to determine its suitability for preliminary studies before placing more expensive and service-intensive equipment at a given locality. A reasonably good agreement with parallel measurements made using a Los Gatos Research FMA 100 methane analyzer was found after removal of the strong sensitivities for temperature and relative humidity. Correcting for this sensitivity increased the absolute accuracy required for in-depth studies, and the reproducibility between two TGS 2600 sensors run in parallel is very good. We conclude that the relative CH 4 concentrations derived from such sensors are sufficient for preliminary investigations in the search of potential methane hotspots.

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Section: Principle Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was not simply a time lag due to a long hysteresis of the TGA sensors. In fact, Ferri et al (2009b) found a relatively fast time response for a TGS 2600 probed with step-changes in H 2 concentrations, to which the sensor reacted within a few minutes (their Fig. 11).…”

Section: Comparison With Reference Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a low-cost methane sensor for ambient concentration measurements in preliminary studies

2012

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“…Starting from the OA-based astable multivibrator circuit, Figure 18 shows the block scheme and related main node voltage behaviours of an improved VM wide range resistive sensor interface, always based on an oscillator topology, formed by: an inverting amplifier (AMP), a voltage comparator (COMP) and an inverting integrator (INT). This circuit, able to reveal about over 6 decades of sensor resistance variations (e.g., kΩ÷GΩ) without any initial calibration, performs an R-T conversion, where the oscillation period T of the generated output square wave signal V OUT is directly proportional to sensor resistance value R SENS [34]. In this case, the ideal relationship between the period T and the sensor resistance R SENS is the following:…”

Section: Ccii-based Uncalibrated Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible OTA internal topology, designed at transistor level in a standard CMOS technology, is reported in Figure 22 [3,34]. This schematic has been developed so to obtain better performances, in terms of very high SR and very low input voltage offset, and to operate at reduced supply voltage with low power consumption, as detailed in Table 1.…”

Section: Ota and CCII Cmos Transistor-level Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistive Sensor Interfacing

Marcellis

Ferri

Mantenuto

2013

Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensors

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Abstract. This chapter has the aim to give a complete overview on the first analog front-ends, describing some circuit and system solutions for the design of electronic interfaces suitable for resistive sensors showing different variation ranges: small, as in dedicated-application GMR sensors; wide, especially referred to GMR sensing devices whose baseline is unknown. After a description of the main interface parameters, the authors present several solutions, most of which do not require any calibration. These solutions are different according to the entity of resistive sensor variations, can utilize either AC or DC excitation voltages for the employed sensor and are developed in Voltage-Mode (VM, which considers the use of either the Operational Amplifier (OA) or the Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) as main active block) as well as in Current-Mode (CM) approach (being in this case the Second Generation Current Conveyor (CCII) the active device). The described interfaces can be easily fabricated both as prototype boards, for a fast characterization, and as integrated circuits, also using modern microelectronics design techniques, in a standard CMOS technology with Low Voltage (LV) and Low Power (LP) characteristics, especially when designed for portable applications and instrumentation. Moreover, thanks to their reduced sizes in terms of chip area, the proposed solutions are suitable for being used for sensor arrays applications, where a number of sensors is employed, as in portable systems, to detect different environmental parameters.

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“…[5][6][7] By integrating MHP gas sensor array with IC on one chip for signal processing and temperature compensation, intelligent gas sensors can be achieved, thus, CMOS-compatible MHP gas sensors are of great interest. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Heaters, free-standing membrane, gas sensing films and electrodes are essential factors for MHP gas sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and fabrication of a CMOS-compatible MHP gas sensor

et al. 2014

AIP Advances

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A novel micro-hotplate (MHP) gas sensor is designed and fabricated with a standard CMOS technology followed by post-CMOS processes. The tungsten plugging between the first and the second metal layer in the CMOS processes is designed as zigzag resistor heaters embedded in the membrane. In the post-CMOS processes, the membrane is released by front-side bulk silicon etching, and excellent adiabatic performance of the sensor is obtained. Pt/Ti electrode films are prepared on the MHP before the coating of the SnO2 film, which are promising to present better contact stability compared with Al electrodes. Measurements show that at room temperature in atmosphere, the device has a low power consumption of ∼19 mW and a rapid thermal response of 8 ms for heating up to 300 °C. The tungsten heater exhibits good high temperature stability with a slight fluctuation (<0.3%) in the resistance at an operation temperature of 300 °C under constant heating mode for 336 h, and a satisfactory temperature coefficient of resistance of about 1.9‰/°C.

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A single-chip integrated interfacing circuit for wide-range resistive gas sensor arrays

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

Performance of a low-cost methane sensor for ambient concentration measurements in preliminary studies

Performance of a low-cost methane sensor for ambient concentration measurements in preliminary studies

Resistive Sensor Interfacing

Design and fabrication of a CMOS-compatible MHP gas sensor

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