A single exposure to eucalyptus smoke sensitizes rats to the postprandial cardiovascular effects of a high carbohydrate oral load

Martin, Brandi L; Thompson, L. C.; Kim, Yong Ho; Snow, Samantha J.; Schladweiler, Mette C.; Phillips, Pamela; Harmon, Molly; King, Charly; Richards, Judy E.; George, Ingrid; Martin, W Kyle; Haykal-Coates, Najwa; Gilmour, M. Ian; Kodavanti, Urmila P.; Hazari, Mehdi S.; Farraj, Aimen K.

doi:10.1080/08958378.2020.1809572

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…118 Along the same lines, the authors evaluated the influence of exposure to flaming eucalyptus smoke at 0.7 mg/m 3 PM concentration on the postprandial cardiovascular effects of a high-carbohydrate oral load. 119 Superposition of smoke inhalation accelerated the pressure rise within the left ventricle (LV) and increased the LV ejection fraction compared with filtered air post-highcarbohydrate oral load, leading to larger cardiac output and stroke work with preserved HR. 119 Complementary to this work, Martin et al 120 exposed sleep-disrupted rats to eucalyptus smoke at 1 mg/m 3 PM concentration over 4 weeks to investigate the role of smoke inhalation as a modifier for the cardiovascular repercussions of sleep disturbances.…”

Section: Compendium On Environmental Impacts On Cardiovascular Health...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…119 Superposition of smoke inhalation accelerated the pressure rise within the left ventricle (LV) and increased the LV ejection fraction compared with filtered air post-highcarbohydrate oral load, leading to larger cardiac output and stroke work with preserved HR. 119 Complementary to this work, Martin et al 120 exposed sleep-disrupted rats to eucalyptus smoke at 1 mg/m 3 PM concentration over 4 weeks to investigate the role of smoke inhalation as a modifier for the cardiovascular repercussions of sleep disturbances. Combination of both treatments enhanced HR and BP soon after the first transition from light (rest) to dark (activity) compared with sleep disruption alone, and these effects persisted during handling in later days.…”

Section: Compendium On Environmental Impacts On Cardiovascular Health...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amid the cardiovascular responses to environmental or laboratory-scale WFS inhalation in both human 82,84,85,91,99 and animal 113,[117][118][119][120] subjects, immediate changes in HRV, BRS, and arrhythmogenic potential, along with adjustments in HR, BP, and cardiac output, portend to shifts in the autonomic control of the heart and blood vessels. 57 Perez et al 152 have postulated that 3 autonomic reflex arcs may converge to regulate cardiovascular function in the context of exposure to environmental pollutants.…”

Section: Deranged Autonomic Regulation Of Cardiovascular Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Wildfires on Cardiovascular Health

Williams,

Perreault,

Yazbeck

et al. 2024

Circulation Research

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Wildfire smoke (WFS) is a mixture of respirable particulate matter, environmental gases, and other hazardous pollutants that originate from the unplanned burning of arid vegetation during wildfires. The increasing size and frequency of recent wildfires has escalated public and occupational health concerns regarding WFS inhalation, by either individuals living nearby and downstream an active fire or wildland firefighters and other workers that face unavoidable exposure because of their profession. In this review, we first synthesize current evidence from environmental, controlled, and interventional human exposure studies, to highlight positive associations between WFS inhalation and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Motivated by these findings, we discuss preventative measures and suggest interventions to mitigate the cardiovascular impact of wildfires. We then review animal and cell exposure studies to call attention on the pathophysiological processes that support the deterioration of cardiovascular tissues and organs in response to WFS inhalation. Acknowledging the challenges of integrating evidence across independent sources, we contextualize laboratory-scale exposure approaches according to the biological processes that they model and offer suggestions for ensuring relevance to the human condition. Noting that wildfires are significant contributors to ambient air pollution, we compare the biological responses triggered by WFS to those of other harmful pollutants. We also review evidence for how WFS inhalation may trigger mechanisms that have been proposed as mediators of adverse cardiovascular effects upon exposure to air pollution. We finally conclude by highlighting research areas that demand further consideration. Overall, we aspire for this work to serve as a catalyst for regulatory initiatives to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of WFS inhalation in the community and alleviate the occupational risk in wildland firefighters.

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Section: Compendium On Environmental Impacts On Cardiovascular Health...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compendium On Environmental Impacts On Cardiovascular Health...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deranged Autonomic Regulation Of Cardiovascular Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Wildfires on Cardiovascular Health

Williams,

Perreault,

Yazbeck

et al. 2024

Circulation Research

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“…The purpose of this study was to determine the impacts of controlled exposure to eucalyptus smoke (ES), a key contributor to wildland fire air pollution that has been linked to adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes ( 22 , 23 ), on sleep disruption-related cardiovascular responses. We hypothesized that exposure to wildland fire-related air pollution would exacerbate sleep disruption-induced cardiovascular pathophysiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildfire-related smoke inhalation worsens cardiovascular risk in sleep disrupted rats

Martin

Schladweiler

Oshiro

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Health

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IntroductionAs a lifestyle factor, poor sleep status is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and may be influenced by environmental stressors, including air pollution.MethodsTo determine whether exposure to air pollution modified cardiovascular effects of sleep disruption, we evaluated the effects of single or repeated (twice/wk for 4 wks) inhalation exposure to eucalyptus wood smoke (ES; 964 µg/m3 for 1 h), a key wildland fire air pollution source, on mild sleep loss in the form of gentle handling in rats. Blood pressure (BP) radiotelemetry and echocardiography were evaluated along with assessments of lung and systemic inflammation, cardiac and hypothalamic gene expression, and heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic tone.Results and DiscussionGH alone disrupted sleep, as evidenced by active period-like locomotor activity, and increases in BP, heart rate (HR), and hypothalamic expression of the circadian gene Per2. A single bout of sleep disruption and ES, but neither alone, increased HR and BP as rats transitioned into their active period, a period aligned with a critical early morning window for stroke risk in humans. These responses were immediately preceded by reduced HRV, indicating increased cardiac sympathetic tone. In addition, only sleep disrupted rats exposed to ES had increased HR and BP during the final sleep disruption period. These rats also had increased cardiac output and cardiac expression of genes related to adrenergic function, and regulation of vasoconstriction and systemic blood pressure one day after final ES exposure. There was little evidence of lung or systemic inflammation, except for increases in serum LDL cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase. These results suggest that inhaled air pollution increases sleep perturbation-related cardiovascular risk, potentially in part by increased sympathetic activity.

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“…Whereas this study was designed to investigate pediatric health outcomes in humans associated with wildfire smoke, these results suggest that wildlife could experience long-term, adverse health outcomes from a single smoke event. Smoke inhalation can also impair cardiovascular function in vertebrates(Kim et al 2014, Wohlsein et al 2016, Thompson et al 2018, Sharpe et al 2020 and repeated or prolonged exposure to smoke can lead to chronic heart disease(Thompson et al 2018, Martin et al 2020.Health outcomes associated with inhalation of wildfire smoke vary as a function of its toxicity. Research from air pollution toxicology demonstrates that toxicity of biomass smoke is dependent on its chemical and biological composition (Franzi et al 2011,Kim et al 2019), which is determined by the substrate burned (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the effects of wildfire smoke on the health and behavior of wildlife

Sanderfoot

Bassing

Brusa

et al. 2021

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Climate change is intensifying global wildfire activity, and people and wildlife are increasingly exposed to hazardous air pollution during large-scale smoke events. Although wildfire smoke is considered a growing risk to public health, few studies have investigated the impacts of wildfire smoke on wildlife, particularly among species that are vulnerable to smoke inhalation. In this review, we synthesized research to date on how wildfire smoke affects the health and behavior of wildlife. After executing a systematic search using Web of Science, we found only 41 relevant studies. We synthesized findings from this literature and incorporated knowledge gained from fields outside wildlife science, specifically veterinary medicine and air pollution toxicology. Although studies that directly investigated effects of smoke on wildlife were few in number, they show that wildfire smoke contributes to adverse acute and chronic health outcomes in wildlife and influences animal behavior. Our review demonstrates that smoke inhalation can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning, respiratory distress, neurological impairment, respiratory and cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, and immunosuppression in wildlife, including terrestrial and aquatic species, and these health effects can contribute to changes in movement and vocalization. Some species also use smoke as a cue to engage in fire-avoidance behaviors or to conserve energy. However, our review also highlights significant gaps in our understanding of the impacts of wildfire smoke on wildlife. Most notably, the lack of robust air pollution measurements in existing studies limits meta-analyses and hinders construction of dose-response relationships, thereby precluding predictions of health outcomes and behaviors under different air quality conditions, especially during extreme smoke events. We recommend that future studies leverage existing data sets, infrastructure, and tools to rapidly advance research on this important conservation topic and highlight the potential value of interdisciplinary collaborations between ecologists and atmospheric chemists.

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A single exposure to eucalyptus smoke sensitizes rats to the postprandial cardiovascular effects of a high carbohydrate oral load

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Impact of Wildfires on Cardiovascular Health

Impact of Wildfires on Cardiovascular Health

Wildfire-related smoke inhalation worsens cardiovascular risk in sleep disrupted rats

A review of the effects of wildfire smoke on the health and behavior of wildlife

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