A single Mid-Pleistocene long-distance dispersal by a bird can explain the extreme bipolar disjunction in crowberries (
            <i>Empetrum</i>
            )

Popp, Magnus; Mirré, Virginia; Brochmann, Christian

doi:10.1073/pnas.1012249108

Cited by 119 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…1). They contend that the best explanation for this distribution is that, sometime during the MidPleistocene, a bird-perhaps a Whimbrelate the fruits of an E. nigrum plant, probably living in Alaska, and then flew to the southern tip of South America before depositing the seeds (1). At first blush, this sounds like the sort of trivia that you might find on a natural history blog.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar biogeography

Donoghue

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar biogeography

Donoghue

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The highly disjunct, bipolar populations of Empetrum spp. (dioecy is documented for Empetrum nigrum) are proposed to have resulted from a single long-distance dispersal event mediated by birds (Popp et al 2011). The same suggestion would apply to other elements of the Canadian High Arctic flora that became locally established and then widespread only in Holocene time following deglaciation.…”

Section: Degress Latitudementioning

confidence: 82%

High Incidence and Correlates of Dioecy in the Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Kevan¹,

Godglick

2017

Arctic Science

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In comparing the incidence of dioecy in North American floras, we report a strong, positive correlation with increasing latitude. Dioecy in the High Arctic is highly correlated with woodiness, as elsewhere. It is significantly correlated with fleshy, zoochorous fruits as well documented elsewhere. Correlation with floral inconspicuousness, which we define in terms of attractiveness to pollinators (i.e., functionality to pollination), is weak and statistically insignificant. Published findings on that correlation are equivocal; different authors variously defined inconspicuousness in ways that may or may not reflect functionality in pollination. Although we acknowledge that for some diverse taxa (e.g., Salix spp.) the relative importances of anemophily, zoophily (entomophily), and ambophily are unknown, we assigned species to (a) anemophily if evidence for entomophily could not be invoked and (b) entomophily if insect pollination was considered possible (i.e., counts for entomophily include possibly ambophilous species). We found no correlation between dioecy and anemophily/entomophily. The view that insularity favours establishment of dioecious taxa may be invoked by considering localized and disjoint post-glacial colonization. The view that dioecy, as a form of xenogamy, has evolved in response to offsetting the adverse consequences of inbreeding and accumulation of mutations may apply under High Arctic conditions, further eroding ideas that short, harsh, active seasons promote self-fertilization (autogamy), agamospermy, and vegetative reproduction while disfavouring xenogamy by insect or wind pollination.Key words: plant sexual reproduction, latitudinal gradient, pollination, anemophily, floral characters, fleshy fruit, woodiness.Résumé : En comparant l'incidence de dioécie chez les flores nord-américaines, nous constatons une corrélation positive étroite avec une latitude croissante. La dioécie dans le Haut-Arctique est hautement corrélée avec la lignification, comme ailleurs. Elle est significativement corrélée avec les fruits charnus, « zoochorous », aussi documentés ailleurs. La corrélation avec l'aspect discret floral, que nous définissons en matière d'attrait aux pollinisateurs (c.-à-d. la fonctionnalité à la pollinisation), est faible et statistiquement sans importance. Les conclusions publiées sur cette corrélation sont ambiguës; les différents auteurs ont défini l'aspect discret de différentes façons qui peuvent ou ne peuvent pas refléter la fonctionnalité à la pollinisation. Bien que nous reconnaissions que pour certains taxa (p. e. Salix spp.) les importances relatives de la pollinisation anémophile, zoophile (entomophile) et ambophile (par le vent et les insectes) sont inconnues, nous avons assigné des espèces à (a) l'anémophilie si la preuve de l'entomophilie ne pouvait pas être invoquée et à (b) l'entomophilie si la pollinisation d'insecte a été considérée possible (c.-à-d. les dénombrements pour entomophilie comprennent possiblement les espèces ambophiles). Nous n'avons trouvé aucune c...

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“…direct long-distance dispersal or mountain hopping; Escudero et al, 2010a) involved in their origin remain to be investigated. A very recent study of the bipolar disjunction displayed by genus Empetrum (Popp et al, 2011;see also Donoghue, 2011) also explained it with a North to South long-distance dispersal colonization. In addition, they dated the event to Pleistocene times and postulated that direct dispersal rather than mountain hopping was at the origin of the disjunction.…”

Section: Northern -Southern Hemisphere Disjunctionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Dick et al, 2007;Donoghue, 2011;Givnish & Renner, 2004;Milne, 2006;Mummenhoff & Franzke, 2007;Popp et al, 2011;de Queiroz, 2005;Renner, 2005;Shaw et al, 2003;Wen & Ickert-Bond, 2009), the causes of disparate species or lineage richness in different territories (e.g. Ricklefs et al, 2006;Svenning et al, 2008;Valente et al, 2010Valente et al, , 2011, or the reconstruction of ancestral ranges (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of Flowering Plants: A Case Study in Mignonettes (Resedaceae) and Sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae)

Martín‐Bravo¹

2012

Global Advances in Biogeography

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A single Mid-Pleistocene long-distance dispersal by a bird can explain the extreme bipolar disjunction in crowberries ( Empetrum )

Abstract: Author contributions: M.P. and C.B. designed research; M.P. and V.M. performed research; M.P. analyzed data; and M.P., V.M., and C.B. wrote the paper.The authors declare no conflict of interest.This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

Cited by 119 publications

References 49 publications

Bipolar biogeography

Bipolar biogeography

High Incidence and Correlates of Dioecy in the Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Biogeography of Flowering Plants: A Case Study in Mignonettes (Resedaceae) and Sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae)

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