A single-ring OpenPET enabling PET imaging during radiotherapy

Abstract

We develop an OpenPET system which can provide an accessible open space to the patient during PET scanning. Our first-generation OpenPET geometry which we called dual-ring OpenPET consisted of two separated detector rings and it could extend its axial field of view (FOV) therefore enabling imaging the gap region in addition to the in-ring region. However, applications such as dose verification by in-beam PET measurement during particle therapy and real-time tumor tracking by PET require sensitivity focused onto the gap rather than on the wide FOV. In this paper, we propose a second-generation OpenPET geometry, single-ring OpenPET, which can provide an accessible and observable open space with higher sensitivity and a reduced number of detectors than the earlier one. The proposed geometry has a cylinder shape cut at a slant angle, in which the shape of each cut end becomes an ellipse. We provided a theoretical analysis for sensitivity of the proposed geometry, compared with the dual-ring OpenPET and a geometry where the conventional PET was positioned at a slant angle against the patient bed to form an accessible open space, which we called a slant PET. The central sensitivity depends on the solid angle of these geometries. As a result, we found that the single-ring OpenPET has a sensitivity 1.2 times higher than the dual-ring OpenPET and 1.3 times higher than the slant PET when designed for a 600 mm bed width with 300 mm accessible open space and about 200 detector blocks, each with a front area of 2500 mm². In addition, numerical simulation was carried out to show the imaging property of the proposed geometry realized with the ellipsoidal rings and these results indicate that the depth-of-interaction detector can provide uniform resolution even when the detectors are arranged in an ellipsoidal ring.

Total variation minimization for in-beam PET image reconstruction

“…The SROP is our second generation OpenPET geometry, which enables 3D PET imaging even during beam irradiation [7] [8]. Fig.…”

Control Of The Dose Distribution In Charged Particle Therapy

“…The recombination of the emitted positrons with an electron of the surrounding tissue, results in two coincident gammas that can be observed with a positron emission tomography (PET) camera. Details of this technique can be found in references [24,30], but it is worth to mention that in-vivo PET range verification has, in some institutes, moved from a research tool to clinical implementation, such as the case of the OpenPET scanner [31] tested at HIMAC or the INFN-INSIDE project [32] which has been recently tested at CNAO. These systems represent a powerful tool toward a possible image guided particle therapy, which would strongly improve the quality of a particle therapy treatment.…”

First full-beam PET acquisitions in proton therapy with a modular dual-head dedicated system

“…Therefore, the effect is either a broadening of the β + activity spatial distribution or a paralysis of the acquisition system due to excessive random coincidence data that do not carry any information regarding the β + distribution (Enghardt et al 1999, Parodi et al 2002. Thus, state of the art in-beam PET solutions are only applicable to synchrotron-based facilities and their effectiveness is limited by the accelerator duty cycle (Nishikido et al 2010, Tashima et al 2012, Nishio et al 2010, Shakirin et al 2011.…”