A single strand: A simplified approach to DNA origami

Abstract

Just as a single polypeptide strand can self-fold into a complex 3D structure, a single strand of DNA can self-fold into DNA origami. Most DNA origami structures (i.e., the scaffold-staple and DNA tiling systems) utilize hundreds of short single-stranded DNA. As such, these structures come with challenges inherent to intermolecular construction. Many assembly challenges involving intermolecular interactions can be resolved if the origami structure is constructed from one DNA strand, where folding is not concentration dependent, the folded structure is more resistant to nuclease degradation, and the synthesis can be achieved at an industrial scale at a thousandth of the cost. This review discusses the design principles and considerations employed in single-stranded DNA origami and its potential benefits and drawbacks.

DNA Origami Drives Gene Expression in a Human Cell Culture System

“…1). Notably, although GHL FS had the greatest number of staples among the aforementioned DNA nanoparticles, it retained ssDNA domains at the ends of duplex DNA helices to enhance exibility and potentially facilitate folding [29]. Finally, to fully eliminate ssDNA domains within the nanoparticle, the staples at the edges of GHL FS were replaced for the full coverage of ssDNA domains, resulting in the GHL FSC (DNA nanoparticle with linear duplex promoter/enhancer, a full complement of staples (Full-Set of staples used), and fully Covered single-stranded end of helices) variant (Table 1 and Fig.…”

Folding molecular origami from ribosomal RNA

“…Implementing these approaches with rRNA as scaffold can significantly reduce the production costs of molecular origamis even further. Moreover, recent techniques have presented unimolecular folding [19][20][21]32], wherein long single stranded nucleic acid is designed to autonomously fold, thus eliminating the need for staples entirely. Therefore, the primary factor affecting the production costs is the selection of the scaffold.…”

“…DNA and RNA origami are promising technologies to fabricate artificial spatial nanostructures with programmable properties and functionalities with sub-nanometer precision, which have gained interest over the past two decades. In DNA origami, the folding of a single DNA scaffold is usually mediated by hybridization of many short DNA oligonucleotides termed staples [7], although unimolecular folding has also been demonstrated [6,13,[19][20][21]. Efforts made in recent years have focused on techniques for manufacturing DNA origami in industrial scales [22,23] and addressing pharmacological challenges [24,25], as a prerequisite for its wider implementation [26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Circular Single-Stranded DNA: Discovery, Biological Effects, and Applications

“…Both genomes contain an f1 single-stranded ori without a double-stranded ori, effectively avoiding dsDNA contaminations (Figure B). The subsequent period did not witness any significant advancements in the literature about the synthesis of CssDNA by bacteriophages. ,− …”