A single vaccination with an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine primes the cellular immune response in calves with maternal antibody

Abstract

BackgroundThe efficacy of a single dose of an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) - Parainfluenaza type 3 (PI3) - Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) combination vaccine, in calves positive for maternal antibodies, was established in a BRSV infection study.ResultsAs expected the single vaccination did not have any effect on the decline of BRSV-specific neutralising or ELISA antibody. The cellular immune system was however primed by the vaccination. In the vaccinated group virus excretion with nasal discharge was reduced, less virus could be re-isolated from lung tissues and the lungs were less affected.ConclusionsThese results indicate that a single vaccination with an inactivated BRSV vaccine was able to break through the maternal immunity and induce partial protection in very young calves. It can be speculated that the level and duration of protection will improve after the second dose of vaccine is administered. A two-dose basic vaccination schedule is recommended under field conditions.

Mannheimia haemolytica biofilm formation on bovine respiratory epithelial cells

“…The link between viral infection and increased susceptibility to M. haemolytica infection is well-documented (van der Sluijs et al, 2010;Caswell, 2014). We found that viral infection of the bovine respiratory epithelial cells did not have an effect on biofilm formation.…”

“…Viral infection can predispose cattle to M. haemolytica infection and cause severe BRDC (van der Sluijs et al, 2010; Moore et al, 2015). To test whether viral infection increases biofilm formation on epithelial cells, we used bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (BVDV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), all of which have been shown to worsen M. haemolytica infection in vivo (Potgieter et al, 1984;van der Sluijs et al, 2010;Hodgson et al, 2012). We first infected BBEC with the indicated viruses at an MOI of 1 and incubated the cells until the first signs of cytopathic effects were evident (Fig.…”

Synergistic Induction of Interferon α through TLR-3 and TLR-9 Agonists Identifies CD21 as Interferon α Receptor for the B Cell Response

“…A fundamental unresolved issue in vaccinology is the inhibition of vaccination against infectious diseases of humans [1], [2],[3], [4], [5], [6], [7] and animals [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17] by maternal antibodies. Studies in patients as well as experiments in animal models testing adjuvants and vaccine vectors have shown that maternal antibodies do not inhibit T cell responses [18], [19], [20], [14].…”

“…Studies in patients as well as experiments in animal models testing adjuvants and vaccine vectors have shown that maternal antibodies do not inhibit T cell responses [18], [19], [20], [14]. However, if protection (at least partially) depends on the B cell response and production of neutralizing antibodies (as it does for measles virus and many other pathogens), vaccination regularly fails.…”

Group B streptococcus and respiratory syncytial virus immunisation during pregnancy: a landscape analysis

“…There is no placental transfer of antibody in ruminants, which makes it possible to prevent transfer by deprivation of colostrum. Here there is evidence that maternal antibody can interfere with development of immunity to RSV, following vaccination or natural infection in the calves, although this is not consistently observed [148][149][150][151][152] . In cotton rats, there is also evidence that high titres of antibody can interfere with vaccination against RSV in pups and adults 153,154 .…”