A six years longitudinal cohort study on the changes in bone density and bone quality up to peak bone mass in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with and without 2 years of Calcium and Vit-D supplementation

Lam, Tai Pong; Yang, Guozi; Pang, Henry; Yip, Bhk; Lee, Wyw; Hung, Alh; Tang, Nls; To, Kkw; Qiu, Yong; Cheng, Jcy

doi:10.3233/shti210429

“…Recently, a mendelian randomization study suggested a potential causal effect of BMD on the incidence of AIS, which was found dependent on BMI, body fat mass, and Vit-D levels [41]. While further longitudinal studies are warranted, researchers have attempted to explore the effectiveness of Vit-D supplementation on bone quality and curve progression in AIS patients [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Interaction between WNT16 and Vitamin D on Bone Qualities in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients and Healthy Controls

Yang,

Chen,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional spinal deformity that is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). Vitamin D (Vit-D) supplementation has been suggested to improve BMD in AIS, and its outcomes may be related to genetic factors. The present study aimed to (a) investigate the synergistic effect between a low BMD-related gene (wingless-related integration site 16, WNT16) and two important Vit-D pathway genes (Vit-D receptor, VDR, and Vit-D binding protein, VDBP) on serum Vit-D and bone qualities in Chinese AIS patients and healthy adolescents, and (b) to further investigate the effect of ablating Wnt16 on the cortical bone quality and whether diets with different dosages of Vit-D would further influence bone quality during the rapid growth phase in mice in the absence of Wnt16. A total of 519 girls (318 AIS vs. 201 controls) were recruited, and three selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (WNT16 rs3801387, VDBP rs2282679, and VDR rs2228570) were genotyped. The serum 25(OH)Vit-D level was significantly associated with VDBP rs2282679 alleles (OR = −4.844; 95% CI, −7.521 to −2.167, p < 0.001). Significant multi-locus models were identified by generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analyses on the serum 25(OH)Vit-D level (p = 0.006) and trabecular area (p = 0.044). In the gene-edited animal study, Wnt16 global knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) male mice were provided with different Vit-D diets (control chow (1000 IU/Kg) vs. Vit-D-deficient chow (Nil in Vit-D) vs. high-dose Vit-D chow (20,000 IU/Kg)) from 4 weeks to 10 weeks old. Wnt16 global KO mice had significantly lower serum 25(OH)Vit-D levels and higher liver Vdbp mRNA expression levels than WT mice. In addition, Wnt16 global KO mice showed a decrease in bone density, cortical thickness and cortical area compared with WT mice. Interestingly, high-dose Vit-D chow led to lower bone density, cortical thickness, and cortical area in WT mice, which were less obvious in Wnt16 global KO mice. In conclusion, WNT16 may regulate the serum 25(OH)Vit-D level and bone qualities, which might be associated with VDBP expression. Further investigations with a larger sample size and wider spectrum of scoliosis severity are required to validate our findings regarding the interaction between WNT16 and Vit-D status in patients with AIS.

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“…Among the studies on abnormal gene expression, one researcher found that there may be familial aggregation of AIS; Ogilvie collected data on the family histories of 145 AIS patients and created a database that was compared to determine associations with other AIS families, and the results showed that there was up to a 97% correlation between AIS families, which means that at least one of the main genes was inherited [ 44 ]; Fan Hengwei et al explored the pathogenesis of AIS by applying gene microarray technology and found that the gene expression of BM-MSCs from AIS patients was abnormal during the process of lipidogenic differentiation [ 45 ]; it has also been found that the rearrangement phenomenon of the 16p11.2 gene [ 46 ] and the locus on chromosome 10q24.31 [ 47 ] are associated with AIS. In studies related to abnormal biochemical markers; researchers have found that abnormal bone metabolism [ 48 ], disrupted growth hormone secretion [ 49 ], melatonin deficiency [ 50 ], and abnormal leptin activity [ 51 ] can induce AIS. In the study of neurological abnormalities, abnormal somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) are one of the main focuses of researchers' attention; SEP is an important factor affecting the body's posture and gait balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of an exercise intervention on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a network meta-analysis

Chen,

Zhang,

Zhu

2023

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Purpose To explore the effect of exercise intervention on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), various exercise forms were compared and the sequence of the possibility of improving the effect of each exercise form was sorted out. We expect that our findings will provide clinicians and patients with more effective treatments and references. Method A thorough search was done on CNKI, Wanfang, WOS, Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and obtained the publication time from the database establishment to May 6, 2023. The relevant contents of the literature that passed the screening criteria were extracted, including relevant information about the sample, first author, intervention measures, intervention time, and outcome indicators. Analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.4 and Stata17.0. Result The study finally included 12 articles with 538 samples. After comparison, it was found that exercise interventions to reduce Cobb's angle were more effective than conventional therapies and reached a statistically significant difference. Compared with conventional therapy, core strength training, Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercise (PSSE), yoga, Schroth, and sling reduced the Cobb angle by an average of 3.82 degrees, 3.79 degrees, 4.60 degrees, 3.63 degrees, and 3.30 degrees, respectively. However, the therapeutic effects on AIS did not show statistically significant differences between the exercise interventions. According to the SUCRA value and the cumulative probability, the MeanRank of improving the AIS effect by various sports intervention measures as follows: yoga (2.2), core strength training (2.8), PSSE (2.8), Schroth exercise (3.2), and sling exercise (4.0). Conclusion Exercise intervention can significantly improve AIS. There was no significant difference in the improvement effect of AIS among different exercise forms. Yoga may have the best effect on AIS improvement.

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“…[33][34][35][36][37] A 6-year longitudinal cohort study found vitamin D supplementation and calcium for 2 years significantly improved bone health and showed a positive effect on slowing the progression of scoliosis. 38 Therefore, vitamin D supplementation is recommended as the primary prevention of scoliosis in children with short stature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond growth hormone: association of short stature types and growth hormone with scoliosis

Hong,

Hu,

Xu

et al. 2023

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Study Design: Cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study. Objective: We investigated the effect of three types of short stature (partial growth hormone deficiency [GHD], GHD, and idiopathic short stature [ISS]) and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy on scoliosis. Summary of Background Data: In short stature, rhGH is widely used and the concentration of growth hormone varies among types. The epidemiologic characteristics of scoliosis and the role of rhGH on scoliosis remain unclear. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3896 patients with short stature (partial GHD, GHD, and ISS), and a 1:1 age- and sex-matched control group with preexisting whole-spine radiographs. The cohort study included 2605 subjects who underwent radiography more than twice to assess scoliosis development, progression, and the need for bracing and surgery. Adjusted logistic regression were used to assess differences in the prevalence of scoliosis among patients with partial GHD, GHD, ISS, and controls. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the time course of scoliosis development and progression. Cox regression was applied to assess the independent factors related to scoliosis development and progression. Mendelian randomization analyses were also performed. Results: Compared with controls, patients with short stature had a higher incidence of scoliosis (34.47% in partial GHD, 31.85% in GHD, 32.94% in ISS vs 8.83% in control, P <0.001), a higher risk of scoliosis development (HR=1.964 in partial GHD, P <0.001; HR=1.881 in GHD, P =0.001; HR=1.706 in ISS, P =0.001), but not a higher risk of progression, brace, or surgery. Among three types of short stature, there was no differences in the incidence, development and progression of scoliosis or the need for bracing or surgery. RhGH treatment increased the risk of scoliosis development in each short stature group (HR=2.673 in partial GHD, P<0.001; HR=1.924 in GHD, P=0.049; HR=1.564 in ISS, P=0.004). Vitamin D supplementation was protective against scoliosis development (HR=0.456 in partial GHD, P =0.003; HR=0.42 in GHD, P =0.013; HR=0.838 in ISS, P =0.257). Conclusions: More attention should be paid to the spinal curve in patients with partial GHD, GHD or ISS. For short stature treated with rhGH, the risk of scoliosis development was increased. Vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial for prevention. Level of evidence: 3.

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A six years longitudinal cohort study on the changes in bone density and bone quality up to peak bone mass in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with and without 2 years of Calcium and Vit-D supplementation

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Potential Interaction between WNT16 and Vitamin D on Bone Qualities in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients and Healthy Controls

Potential Interaction between WNT16 and Vitamin D on Bone Qualities in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients and Healthy Controls

The effect of an exercise intervention on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a network meta-analysis

Beyond growth hormone: association of short stature types and growth hormone with scoliosis

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