A Snapshot of Terror: Acute Posttraumatic Responses to the September 11 Attack

Cardeña, Etzel; Dennis, J. Michael; Winkel, Mark H.; Skitka, Linda J.

doi:10.1037/e316902004-001

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…13–18 Additionally, a recent trend in research on positive outcomes following disaster, including resilience and posttraumatic growth, 19,20 represents a new and viable focus for study and theory development.…”

Section: Why?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for Research on Children's Reactions to Disasters and Terrorist Events

Pfefferbaum

Noffsinger

Sherrieb

et al. 2012

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Clinical work and research relative to child mental health during and following disaster are especially challenging due to the complex child maturational processes and family and social contexts of children’s lives. The effects of disasters and terrorist events on children and adolescents necessitate diligent and responsible preparation and implementation of research endeavors. Disasters present numerous practical and methodological barriers that may influence the selection of participants, timing of assessments, and constructs being investigated. This article describes an efficient approach to guide both novice and experienced researchers as they prepare to conduct disaster research involving children. The approach is based on five fundamental research questions: “Why?, Who?, When?, What?, and How?” Addressing each of the “four Ws” will assist researchers in determining “How” to construct and implement a study from start to finish. A simple diagram of the five questions guides the reader through the components involved in studying children’s reactions to disasters. The use of this approach is illustrated with examples from disaster mental health studies in children, thus simultaneously providing a review of the literature.

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Section: Why?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for Research on Children's Reactions to Disasters and Terrorist Events

Pfefferbaum

Noffsinger

Sherrieb

et al. 2012

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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show abstract

“…In recent years there has been a growing recognition that including trauma's cultural context is essential to understanding its effects because conceptions of illness and symptom expression are culturally bound (Huges, 1993). For example, Cardeña, Dennis, Winkel, and Skitka (2005) analyzed the effects of immigration on responses to the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and found immigrants among the most vulnerable to negative consequences.…”

Section: Cultural Aspects Of Assessing the Aftermath Of Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Language Does PTSD Speak? The “Westernization” of Mr. Sánchez

Joyce

Berger

2007

Journal of Trauma Practice

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This paper reviews issues related to the universality of PTSD in trauma practice, research, professional education, and training. It briefly reviews the development of PTSD to provide a historical context of the diagnosis in Western societies as well as its modification in clinical practice, using the stressor event of immigration as an example. Next, it illustrates cultural aspects of assessing the aftermath of trauma. Then it addresses culturally competent trauma practice so practitioners can further sharpen their awareness of clients' strengths and the potential for posttraumatic growth. Finally, the authors offer implications for clinical practice.

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“…It is well documented that the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States fostered adverse and pervasive effects on mental and physical health (Cardeña et al., ; Holmes et al., ; Schlenger et al., ; Schuster et al., ; Silver et al., , ; Stein et al., ), Islamophobic attitudes (Allen & Nielsen, ; Fetzer & Soper, ; Sheridan & Gillet, ), and endorsement of the restriction of civil liberties attitudes (Huddy et al., , ; see Huddy & Feldman, ; Morgan et al., ). Research to date, however, has tended to focus on the effects of exposure to 9/11 footage that is temporally proximal to the attacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Media exposure proximal to 9/11 is implicated in the occurrence and severity of adverse mental health outcomes. Individuals viewing more hours of television and news reports around the time of 9/11 experienced higher distress (Cardeña, Dennis, Winkel, & Skitka, ; Schlenger et al., ). In a recent longitudinal study with American adults, Silver et al.…”

Section: Mental Health Consequences Of 9/11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of viewing 9/11 footage on distress andIslamophobia: a temporally expanded approach

Choma

Charlesford²,

Dalling³

et al. 2014

J Applied Social Pyschol

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We investigated whether viewing September 11 footage affected peoples’ perceived distress spanning past, present, and anticipated future. Participants (n = 174) were randomly assigned to a 9/11, fear, or neutral condition and completed measures of temporal perceived distress, distress of future terrorism, Islamophobia, and restriction of civil liberties attitudes. Participants in the neutral and fear conditions perceived their 9/11‐related distress as declining over time. Those in the 9/11 condition perceived their distress as higher at present and declining from present (vs. past ratings). Those viewing 9/11 (vs. neutral or fear) footage reported greater future terrorism distress, more prejudice, and greater restriction of civil liberties. These differences were explained by higher 9/11‐related distress ratings for past 5 years, present, and future.

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A Snapshot of Terror: Acute Posttraumatic Responses to the September 11 Attack

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Framework for Research on Children's Reactions to Disasters and Terrorist Events

Framework for Research on Children's Reactions to Disasters and Terrorist Events

Which Language Does PTSD Speak? The “Westernization” of Mr. Sánchez

Effects of viewing 9/11 footage on distress andIslamophobia: a temporally expanded approach

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