A Snapshot of Viral Evolution from Genome Analysis of the Tectiviridae Family

Sarén, Ari-Matti; Ravantti, Janne J.; Benson, Stacy D.; Burnett, Roger M.; Paulín, Lars; Bamford, Dennis H.; Bamford, Jaana K. H.

doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.04.059

Cited by 68 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…This block of entry-related genes is highly conserved and may be subject to horizontal gene transfer between unrelated Thermus phages that occupy the same ecological niche. Notably, in tectiviruses, genes involved in host recognition and cell entry were found to evolve more rapidly than those encoding other functions [51]. The presence of a conserved block of genes involved in virus entry in various, even unrelated Thermus phages implies a similar entry mechanism for these viruses.…”

Section: Links To Other Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gammasphaerolipovirus, a newly proposed bacteriophage genus, unifies viruses of halophilic archaea and thermophilic bacteria within the novel family Sphaerolipoviridae

et al. 2014

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A new family of viruses named Sphaerolipoviridae has been proposed recently. It comprises icosahedral, tailless haloarchaeal viruses with an internal lipid membrane located between the protein capsid and the dsDNA genome. The proposed family Sphaerolipoviridae was divided into two genera: Alphasphaerolipovirus, including Haloarcula hispanica viruses SH1, PH1 and HHIV-2, and Betasphaerolipovirus, including Natrinema virus SNJ1. Here, we propose to expand the family Sphaerolipoviridae to include a group of bacteriophages infecting extreme thermophilic Thermus thermophilus and sharing a number of structural and genomic properties with archaeal sphaerolipoviruses. This new group comprises two members, lytic phage P23-77 and temperate phage IN93, as well as putative members P23-72 and P23-65H. In addition, several related proviruses have been discovered as integrated elements in bacterial genomes of the families Thermus and Meiothermus. Morphology of the virus particles and the overall capsid architecture of these bacteriophages resembles that of archaeal members of the Sphaerolipoviridae, including an unusual capsid arrangement in a T = 28 dextro lattice. Alpha-and betasphaerolipoviruses share with P23-77-like bacteriophages a conserved block of core genes that encode a putative genome-packaging ATPase and the two major capsid proteins (MCPs). The recently determined X-ray structure of the small and large MCPs of P23-77 revealed a single beta-barrel (jelly-roll) fold that is superimposable with the cryo-EM density maps of the SH1 capsomers. Given the common features of these viruses, we propose to include the so far unclassified P23-77-like bacteriophages into a new genus, ''Gammasphaerolipovirus'', within the family Sphaerolipoviridae.

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Section: Links To Other Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gammasphaerolipovirus, a newly proposed bacteriophage genus, unifies viruses of halophilic archaea and thermophilic bacteria within the novel family Sphaerolipoviridae

et al. 2014

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“…Genome sequences are available for several PRD1-like as well as Bam35-like viruses (244,255). Although representatives of the two groups are extremely similar to each other structurally (1,157), their genomes share virtually no sequence conservation; only four proteins of Bam35 could be linked to those of PRD1 by use of bioinformatic methods (227).…”

Section: Tectiviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the groups, however, the genomes are highly similar. For example, a comparative analysis of the six available PRD1-like genomes revealed that they share 91.9% to 99.8% nucleotide sequence identity, despite the fact that the six viruses have been isolated independently at geographically remote locations worldwide (244). This is in sharp contrast to the genomics of tailed dsDNA viruses, where genetic diversity is immense (as discussed above).…”

Section: Tectiviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both groups, the genomes follow a modular organization, also characteristic of tailed dsDNA viruses (32), with functionally related genes grouped into distinct clusters that are regulated by common promoters (244,255). However, unlike tailed bacteriophages, the mosaic mode of genome evolution is not characteristic of tectiviruses, with the exception of the nonorthologous replacement of lysin-encoding genes in Bam35-like viruses (255) and, possibly, the acquisition of the entire lysis gene cluster (including those for endolysin, holin, and phage Rz/Rz1 homologues) by the ancestor of PRD1-like viruses from a tailed bacteriophage (146).…”

Section: Tectiviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It therefore appears that tectiviral genomes evolve mainly through the accumulation of point mutations and the seldom acquisition of new genes. The striking near identity between PRD1-like genomes was suggested to be a result of their "optimal genome-level organization and structure, in which any change decreases fitness" (244). The overall genome organization and virion architecture suggest that PRD1-like and Bam35-like tectiviruses had a common ancestor, which existed prior to the diversification of the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria more than a billion years ago (157,227).…”

Section: Tectiviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Krupovìč

Prangishvili

Hendrix

et al. 2011

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

Self Cite

218

176

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SUMMARY Prokaryotes, bacteria and archaea, are the most abundant cellular organisms among those sharing the planet Earth with human beings (among others). However, numerous ecological studies have revealed that it is actually prokaryotic viruses that predominate on our planet and outnumber their hosts by at least an order of magnitude. An understanding of how this viral domain is organized and what are the mechanisms governing its evolution is therefore of great interest and importance. The vast majority of characterized prokaryotic viruses belong to the order Caudovirales, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages with tails. Consequently, these viruses have been studied (and reviewed) extensively from both genomic and functional perspectives. However, albeit numerous, tailed phages represent only a minor fraction of the prokaryotic virus diversity. Therefore, the knowledge which has been generated for this viral system does not offer a comprehensive view of the prokaryotic virosphere. In this review, we discuss all families of bacterial and archaeal viruses that contain more than one characterized member and for which evolutionary conclusions can be attempted by use of comparative genomic analysis. We focus on the molecular mechanisms of their genome evolution as well as on the relationships between different viral groups and plasmids. It becomes clear that evolutionary mechanisms shaping the genomes of prokaryotic viruses vary between different families and depend on the type of the nucleic acid, characteristics of the virion structure, as well as the mode of the life cycle. We also point out that horizontal gene transfer is not equally prevalent in different virus families and is not uniformly unrestricted for diverse viral functions.

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Bacteriophages: Lipid‐containing

Oksanen

Poranen

Bamford

2010

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Viruses exhibit vast diversity in their form and function and are by far the most numerous (estimates 10 30 –10 32 ) organisms on earth. The largest group among viruses is bacteriophages, the viruses that infect bacteria, with over 5000 identified members. Majority of the phages are composed of protein and nucleic acid with a head–tail morphology. Polyhedral, filamentous or pleomorphic phages comprise only less than 4% of the described bacteriophages, and a minority of these have lipid constituents in addition to nucleic acid and protein. These lipid‐containing bacteriophages form a diverse group of viruses and they are classified in four virus families Corticoviridae , Cystoviridae , Plasmaviridae and Tectiviridae . The lipids can be either as the outermost layer of the virion or they can locate internally enclosed within the virus capsid. In both cases, the viral membranes are involved in cell entry processes. Key Concepts: The lipid‐containing bacteriophages are a diverse group of bacterial viruses. The lipid‐containing bacteriophages are sensitive to organic solvents and detergents. Lipids in the viral membrane have a bilayer structure. The virion proteins are all virus specific, but lipids are derived from host cytoplasmic membrane. During virus morphogenesis, the virus‐specific proteins exclude host proteins during formation of the viral membrane. The viral protein‐rich membranes have an essential role during entry mediating the translocation of the genome across the host cell envelopes.

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A Snapshot of Viral Evolution from Genome Analysis of the Tectiviridae Family

Cited by 68 publications

References 75 publications

Gammasphaerolipovirus, a newly proposed bacteriophage genus, unifies viruses of halophilic archaea and thermophilic bacteria within the novel family Sphaerolipoviridae

Gammasphaerolipovirus, a newly proposed bacteriophage genus, unifies viruses of halophilic archaea and thermophilic bacteria within the novel family Sphaerolipoviridae

Genomics of Bacterial and Archaeal Viruses: Dynamics within the Prokaryotic Virosphere

Bacteriophages: Lipid‐containing

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