While the development of information and communication technology has brought great changes to social industrial structure and economic development, it has also reshaped people’s cognition and thinking modes to a great extent and has paid attention to the field of education under the guidance of technology. The reform of education is taking place. According to the background of the Internet of things, the teaching quality evaluation index is reconstructed with the help of principal component analysis, support vector machine, and fuzzy algorithms, and the application performance and practical results of the improved teaching path are analyzed. The results show that the evaluation accuracy of the improved hybrid algorithm for teaching quality reaches more than 90%, and its evaluation time is far less than that of the SVM algorithm (10.23 s), and it has a good application effect on the evaluation of teaching quality. The increase of students’ satisfaction with the improved teaching quality has reached 5.8%, and their professional skills have improved by 6–25 points. After expert evaluation, it is found that the maximum satisfaction frequency of teaching content and teaching effect can reach 96.7% and 91.3%, respectively. Reconstructing the index system of the English path under the background of the Internet of things can better grasp students’ learning needs and integrate multiple methods to provide new research ideas for follow-up English teaching.