A Social Psychological Study of Incontinence^†

When white collar criminals turn to fatal violence: The impact of narcissism and psychopathy

“…For instance, they were able to establish that Rodius suffered from what the psychiatrists call affection incontinence . In medical sense, the concept refers to a specific type of instability or emotional disturbance that manifests itself in the form of sudden mood changes and exaggerated and uncontrollable outbursts of emotions (Haupt, ; Schwartz & Stanton, ).…”

Differential Reinforcement to Reduce Excessive Requests for Toileting Assistance of a Geriatric Nursing Home Resident

“…Lack of mobility, consequent dependence on staff assistance and the absence of prompt staff response to requests for assistance has been identified by several other researchers in the field as one of the environmental causes of incontinence (Hu, 1982;Ouslander, 1982;Pinel, 1975;Schwartz and Stanton, 1950;Spangler, Risley and Bilyew, 1984). Ouslander (1982) observed in his study of 419 incontinent patients, of whom 70% could not get to a toilet without another's help, that much of what was called incontinence by the staff was in fact directly related to this dependency.…”

The current status of the therapeutic community

“…On the other hand, there are smaller-scale studies which attempt to shed light on certain aspects of milieu. Examples of this latter approach would include Schwartz & Stanton's (1950) study of incontinence, studies of community meetings (Daniels & Rubin, 1968;Maratos & Kennedy, 1974;Trauer, 1979Trauer, , 1980, of individual and collective disturbed behaviour (Bouras et al, 1982;Trauer, 1983) and of ward atmosphere (Moos, 1974). Further studies of this kind might go some way to specifying the active ingredients in Redl's (1958) 'pharmacopoeia' and would be consistent with the need to move away from ideology towards 'technical ' (Abroms, 1969) or 'rational ' (Moline, 1976) eclecticism.…”