“…Recent evidence suggests that some students have adopted a consumer identity in relation to their higher education, suggesting that their motivation for studying is based more on an extrinsic desire to obtain well-paid employment after their education than on an intrinsic desire to learn about a particular subject (Molesworth et al, 2011;Tomlinson, 2018;Williams, 2013). Students who identify more strongly as consumers are more likely to position themselves as paying customers, see their universities as service providers, complain about difficult content, feel entitled to a particular outcome as a result of paying for their degree, and choose courses that, in their view, would, require minimal effort (Delucchi and Korgen, 2002;Finney and Finney, 2010;Saunders, 2014;Tomlinson, 2016;Todd et al, 2017;White, 2007). Of particular concern is the finding that the more that students identify as consumers of their education, the lower their academic performance (Bunce et al, 2017).…”