A sodium-enabled ‘Pourbaix sensor’: a three-input AND logic gate as a ‘lab-on-a-molecule’ for monitoring Na⁺, pH and pE

Abstract

A novel supramolecular three-input AND logic gate is demonstrated as a 'lab-on-a-molecule' for monitoring the Na(+), pH and pE levels in solution by communicating a fluorescence signal. The fluorescence signal is modulated by three photoinduced electron transfer reactions that are controlled by an unprecedented combination of two cation binding events and one redox reaction.

Theoretical study of the photophysical processes of a styryl‐bodipy derivative eliciting an AND molecular logic gate response

“…In most cases, these changes could then be signaled by changes in the absorption or emission intensity and/or in the wavelength, and can be related to the operation of logic gates, via the familiar Boolean logic, where the modulators correspond to the inputs and the observed changes correspond to the outputs . The field of molecular logical gates (MLG) is a subject of research in many laboratories worldwide, and while a great deal of the groundwork has been accomplished, the field is still at an early stage in terms of practical applications . However, a significant rise of information processing molecular devices is expected in the forthcoming years .…”

“…In the present article, we study theoretically the photophysical processes of a three‐receptor fluorophore that has been characterized as a three input AND MLG candidate . In the literature, other molecules have also been characterized as candidates for a three input AND MLG . Here, we study the photophysical processes of the three‐receptor fluorophore that is a styryl‐bodipy derivative of its monometallic complexes, and of its trimetallic complex.…”

Design and synthesis of a novel PET and ICT based 1,8-naphthalimide FRET bichromophore as a four-input Disabled–Enabled-OR logic gate

“…Insert here Figure 6 Insert here Table 1 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 14 By monitoring the absorption, actually, Dyad 5 works as two two-inputs logic gates because Cu 2+ (Input 1) and Pb 2+ (Input 2) do not affect remarkably the 1,8-naphthalimide ICT process ( Figure 5). and in the absence of OH -(Input 4) which is correlated very well with INHIBIT gate [61].…”

“…In particular, fluorescent systems and their excited-state processes (charge-or electron transfer, energy transfer, proton transfer) have been frequently employed in the rational design of molecular logic devices [11]. These molecules capable of carrying out a variety of sensing functions simultaneously, and that compute a composite result autonomously, have great potential for real-life applications such as object coding and imaging, intelligent materials, drug delivery and activation, diagnostics or actuation [12][13][14][15]. In nearly two decades, all 16 fundamental logic gates [16][17][18][19] and more complex systems such as half-adder/subtractor [20], full-adder/subtractor [21], multiplexer [22], encoder/decoder [23], digital comparator [24,25] and keypad lock [26] were demonstrated.…”

Information gathering and processing with fluorescent molecules

“…Ferrocene derivative 12, also from the Magri stable, 88 is more elaborate than 8 since it incorporates a benzo-15-crown-5 ether receptor for Na + so as to produce a H + , redox, Na + -driven AND gate. Na + -induced suppression of PET from the crown receptor to the anthracene fluorophore is the extra pathway when compared to 8.…”