A soft biomolecule actuator based on a highly functionalized bacterial cellulose nano-fiber network with carboxylic acid groups

Abstract

PSS layers were deposited on both sides of the CBC-IL membranes by a dip-coating technique to yield a sandwiched actuator system. Ionic conductivity and ionic exchange capacity of the CBC membrane can be increased up to 22.8 times and 1.5 times compared with pristine bacterial cellulose (BC), respectively, resulting in 8 times large bending deformation than the pure BC actuators with metallic electrodes in an open air environment. The developed CBC-IL actuators show significant progress in the development of biocompatible and soft actuating materials with quick response, low operating voltage and comparatively large bending deformation.

An eco-friendly ultra-high performance ionic artificial muscle based on poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) and carboxylated bacterial cellulose

“…17,18,21,33 Briefly, BC (1 g) was immersed in deionized water (100ml) under gentle stirring at room temperature. 17,18,21,33 Briefly, BC (1 g) was immersed in deionized water (100ml) under gentle stirring at room temperature.…”

“…It is clearly observed that the bending tip displacement of CBC-IL actuator could be enhanced by the addition of small amount of PAMPS. 6,9,12,14,17,39,40 Furthermore, the actuation durability of the CBC-IL-PAMPS biocomposite actuator was investigated, as shown in Fig. Furthermore, relaxation behavior was not found in the biocomposite actuators due to many weaklypolar carboxylate functional groups present within the CBC-IL-PAMPS composite membrane matrix.…”

“…The working principle of the conducting polymer actuators is known as doping/dedoping in light of the electrochemical reaction. 16,17 In the anode electrode, the electrochemical reduction is occurred based on Equation (2 As shown in Equation (2) and (3), the bending deformation of the composite actuator is attributed to the difference expansion of PEDOT:PSS layers and the bending direction because of the electrochemical doping process is the same as the ionic migration inside the CBC-IL-PAMPS membrane.…”

“…[9][10][11][12] Bacterial cellulose (BC), as a special kind of green celluloses, has received enormous interest because of its abundance in nature, dense reticulated structures, high hydrophilicity, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and strong mechanical properties. 17 The improved actuation performance was due to the strong ionic interaction between the carboxylate functional groups of CBC and ionic liquid. [14][15][16] Recently, our group developed a novel electroactive actuator based on the carboxylate BC (CBC) membrane incorporating ionic liquids, which showed better actuation performance than that of the BC actuator.…”

“…16,17,24 The proposed electro-chemo-mechanical CBC-IL-PAMPS biocomposite actuator showed ultra-high bending displacement, quick response, low operating voltage, and excellent durability. 16,17,24 The proposed electro-chemo-mechanical CBC-IL-PAMPS biocomposite actuator showed ultra-high bending displacement, quick response, low operating voltage, and excellent durability.…”