“…The time delay of the system, T d , was graphically determined for each step response and introduced as a known parameter in the system identification tool. Then, the system responses were fitted into first-order plus time-delay (FOPTD) (1); second-order plus timedelay (SOPTD) (2), and third-order plus time-delay (TOPTD) (3). By running the Matlab System Identification Tool for each step response with one, two and three poles, the static gain K c , and the value of the poles T p1 , T p2 , and T p3 , respectively, were obtained.…”