A soil test for nitrogen availability in the northeastern United States

Magdoff, Fred; Jokela, William E.; Fox, R. H.; Griffin, G. F.

doi:10.1080/00103629009368293

Cited by 95 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Besides the seed yield of the 0-N plot and the plant-available soil N supply, the use of real-time monitoring via plant analysis or soil mineral N testing might provide a more timely reflection of the crop N demand to guide the N fertilization in each specific condition. Li et al (2012) showed that the use of a soil plant analysis development (SPAD) meter was the most suitable method for rapidly diagnosing the N status in rapeseed; soil mineral N testing has been widely used for the specific N management of upland crops (Magdoff et al 1990;Cui et al 2008). Based on the differences between the results of soil mineral N tests before fertilization and the critical soil mineral N content during this period (Peng et al 2013), synthetic fertilizer is then applied to match crop N requirements in quantity and synchronize in time and space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-farm trials of optimal fertilizer recommendations for the maintenance of high seed yields in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production

Ren

Zou

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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(2015) On-farm trials of optimal fertilizer recommendations for the maintenance of high seed yields in winter oilseed rape (Brassicanapus L.) production, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 61:3, 528-540, DOI: 10.1080/00380768.2014 ) on the rapeseed yield, and three indices of soil nutrient supply were adopted to estimate the yield responses to fertilizer recommendation. The results showed that the average contributions of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer to seed yield were 40.4, 23.1 and 11.5%, respectively. Compared with the farmers' fertilization practices (FFP), the recommended fertilization significantly enhanced the seed yield by 29.1% on average. The relationships between plant-available soil nutrient supply, seed yields of the nutrient omission treatments and the yield responses to fertilization were significant, rather than the results of soil testing. With plant-available soil nutrient supplies and seed yields increasing, the yield responses and fertilizer use efficiencies decreased. When the seed yields of no-N and no-P treatments were less than 2000 kg ha −1 and 1500 kg ha −1 , the recommended fertilizer rate was beneficial for achieving high seed yield and high efficiency. As defined in our study, the recommended fertilization rates could be used as the regional mean optimal rates (RMOR) of fertilization for winter oilseed rape in the Yangtze River Basin. Partial adjustments according to crop nutrient uptakes and seed yields of the nutrient omission treatments will be feasible for the sites where they were nonresponsive to RMOR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-farm trials of optimal fertilizer recommendations for the maintenance of high seed yields in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production

Ren

Zou

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…This is also a practical difficulty with the test. For example, many dairy farmers grow corn and forage crops, and typically pre-sidedress nitrate test samples will need to be taken during a busy first-cut harvest window of the forage crops on these farms (Magdoff et al, 1990). In addition, collecting the soil samples in some environments is not easy, rendering the test unpopular in parts of the United States, such as in New England where stony soils are abundant.…”

Section: Pre-sidedress Nitrate Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengths and Limitations of Nitrogen Rate Recommendations for Corn and Opportunities for Improvement

et al. 2018

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A gronomy J our n al • Volume 110 , I ssue 1 • 2 018 1 T he goal of an N recommendation system is to accurately estimate the gap between the N provided by the soil and the N required by the plant. Accurately estimating this gap depends on the ability of the recommendation system to accurately estimate fi eld or subfi eld specifi c economically optimal nitrogen rates (EONR). Current recommendation systems are not as accurate as needed to provide consistently reliable estimates of N needs across years at the fi eld or subfi eld scale. Uncontrollable factors like temperature, rainfall timing, intensity and amount, and interactions of temperature and rainfall with factors such as N source, timing and placement, plant genetics, and soil characteristics combine to make N rate recommendations for an individual fi eld or rates for subfi elds a process guided as much by science as by the best professional judgement of farmers and farm advisors.Substantial evidence has accumulated that EONRs can vary widely across fi elds, within fi elds and over years in the same fi eld for a wide range of crops and geographies. Examples ABSTRACTNitrogen fi xation by the Haber-Bosch process has more than doubled the amount of fi xed N on Earth, signifi cantly infl uencing the global N cycle. Much of this fi xed N is made into N fertilizer that is used to produce nearly half of the world's food. Too much of the N fertilizer pollutes air and water when it is lost from agroecosystems through volatilization, denitrifi cation, leaching, and runoff . Most of the N fertilizer used in the United States is applied to corn (Zea mays L.), and the profi tability and environmental footprint of corn production is directly tied to N fertilizer applications. Accurately predicting the amount of N needed by corn, however, has proven to be challenging because of the eff ects of rainfall, temperature, and interactions with soil properties on the N cycle. For this reason, improving N recommendations is critical for profi table corn production and for reducing N losses to the environment. Th e objectives of this paper were to review current methods for estimating N needs of corn by: (i) reviewing fundamental background information about how N recommendations are created; (ii) evaluating the performance, strengths, and limitations of systems and tools used for making N fertilizer recommendations; (iii) discussing how adaptive management principles and methods can improve recommendations; and (iv) providing a framework for improving N fertilizer rate recommendations.

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“…Although the goal in amenity turfgrass is not to maximize the yield, similar critical values between turf-type and forage-type grass yields suggest that the maximum growth response of perennial cool-season grasses, whether for forage or turfgrass use in our climate, will be reached at soil NO 3 -N concentrations approaching 10 to 15 mg kg . The crops that have been studied include silage corn (Magdoff et al, 1990;Fox et al, 1989;Meisinger et al, 1992;Klausner et al, 1993;Sims et al, 1995), field pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) (Morris et al, 2000), sweet corn [Zea mays subsp. saccharata (Sturtev.)…”

Section: Clippings Dry Matter Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating Turfgrass Growth and Quality to Frequently Measured Soil Nitrate

2014

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Soil N is not used to guide N fertilization of turfgrass due to a lack of soil test correlation and calibration research for this purpose. We could find only one paper in the literature that examined the reliability of soil NO 3 -N concentrations to estimate turfgrass response (Rieke and Ellis, 1974). The authors concluded that soil NO 3 -N was not a reliable estimator of turfgrass response, but the design of the experiment and the analysis of the data were completed using standard methods from the 1970s and not contemporary methods of soil test correlation and calibration.Methods to develop soil tests have changed greatly since the 1970s. Current methods require a three-step process of soil test correlation, calibration, and then interpretation of data to develop recommendations. Correlation and calibration are usually completed in one set of experiments and development of recommendations in another set of experiments if the correlation and calibration steps were successful (Dahnke and Olson, 1990).Soil test correlation is the process of establishing a relationship between the extractable concentrations of the soil nutrient of interest, in this case NO 3 -N, and the yield or quality of the plant of interest, in this case turfgrass (Dahnke and Olson, 1990

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A soil test for nitrogen availability in the northeastern United States

Cited by 95 publications

References 8 publications

On-farm trials of optimal fertilizer recommendations for the maintenance of high seed yields in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production

On-farm trials of optimal fertilizer recommendations for the maintenance of high seed yields in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production

Strengths and Limitations of Nitrogen Rate Recommendations for Corn and Opportunities for Improvement

Relating Turfgrass Growth and Quality to Frequently Measured Soil Nitrate

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