A Soil Test for Nitrogen Availability to Corn

Magdoff, Fred; Ross, Donald S.; Amadon, J. F.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800060020x

Cited by 310 publications

(209 citation statements)

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“…3). Close relationships between soil NO 3 -in spring and the response to N fertilizers of crops have been reported in many studies (Magdoff et al 1984;Dahnke and Johnson 1990;Holford et al 1997). Other studies, however, found that this approach is not satisfactory under cool and humid environments (Neeteson 1995;Bélanger et al 1998;Bittman and Kowalenko 1998).…”

Section: Economically Optimum N Fertilizer Ratementioning

confidence: 54%

“…The pre-seeding and the pre-sidedress soil N tests have long been recommended as methods of assessing N availability and predicting fertilizer N requirements for different crops, especially for corn (Zea mays L.) in sub-humid areas in the United States of America and Canada (Magdoff et al 1984;Hergert 1986;Zebarth and Paul 1997). In Québec, the use of a soil NO 3 -test is still limited and only a few studies have been carried out on corn and wheat (Giroux et al 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Yield response of forage grasses to N fertilizer as related to spring soil nitrate sorbed on anionic exchange membranes

Ziadi¹,

Simard²,

Allard³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Ziadi, N., Simard, R. R., Allard, G. and Parent, G. 2000. Yield response of forage grasses to N fertilizer as related to spring soil nitrate sorbed on anionic exchange membranes. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: [203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212]. Soil N availability is an important factor in forage grass production. Maximising N fertilizer efficiency is essential to improve profitability and to reduce the environmental risk associated with residual excess soil N. The objectives of this study were (i): to determine the effects of N fertilizer on yield, N uptake and NO 3 -N concentration of forage grasses produced in Western Quebec; and (ii) to compare spring soil NO 3 -measured by anionic exchange membranes (NO 3AEMs ) and by water extraction (NO 3w ) as a criterion to predict fertilizer N requirements of forage grasses. The yield response of grasses, especially timothy (Phleum pratense L.), to different rates of NH 4 NO 3 (0 to 240 kg N ha -1 ) on heavy clay soils (Humic Gleysols) was studied from 1994 to 1996 at four sites in the Abitibi-Temiscamingue area, Quebec (Canada). Nitrogen significantly (P < 0.001) increased forage yield, N uptake, and NO 3 -N concentration. The economically optimum N fertilizer rate (Nop) for forage yield varied from 25 to 240 kg N ha -1 depending on sites and years, and averaged 125 kg N ha -1 . The Nop can be predicted more adequately by NO 3AEMs (R 2 = 0.45) than by NO 3w (R 2 = 0.09). Based only on the relationship between the relative yield and spring soil nitrate, NO 3AEMs could be used as a criterion for fertilizer N recommendation of forage grasses in this cool continental climate.Key words: N fertilizer, nitrate, grass, economically optimum N fertilizer rate Ziadi, N., Simard, R. R., Allard, G. et Parent, G. 2000. Réponse des graminées fourragères aux fertilisants N telle que reliée au nitrate sorbé sur les membranes d'echange anioniques au printemps. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: 203-212. La disponibilité de l'azote (N) du sol est un facteur déterminant dans la production des graminées fourragères. Par ailleurs, il est important de maximiser l'efficacité des fertilisants azotés afin d'augmenter les profits et de diminuer les risques environnementaux associés à l'azote résiduel du sol. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de: (i) déterminer l'effet de la fertilisation azotée sur le rendement, le prélève-ment en N et la concentration en NO 3 -N des fourrages dans l'ouest du Québec et (ii) comparer l'utilisation du test du nitrate dosés avec les membranes d'échange anionique utilisées in situ (NO 3AEMs ) à celui extrait à l'eau (NO 3w ) comme seul critère de prédic-tion des besoins en N des fourrages. La réponse des fourrages, spécialement la fléole (Phleum pratens L.) à différentes doses de NH 4 NO 3 (0 à 240 kg N ha -1 ) dans des sols argileux (Gleysols Humiques) a été étudiée de 1994 à 1996 sur quatre sites situés dans la région de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue (Québec, Canada). L'azote a significativement augmenté (P < 0.001) le rendement des fourrages ainsi que leur prélèvement e...

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Section: Economically Optimum N Fertilizer Ratementioning

confidence: 54%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield response of forage grasses to N fertilizer as related to spring soil nitrate sorbed on anionic exchange membranes

Ziadi¹,

Simard²,

Allard³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…The poor relationship between Nop and spring soil NO 3 -N content agrees with results on spring wheat grown in the same vicinity (Bélanger et al 1998). Stronger correlations reported in studies from other parts of the world and other crops (Magdoff et al 1984;Holford et al 1997) may be explained by climatic conditions. Indeed, spring pre-plant soil NO 3 -N measurements are deemed to be unreliable indices of N fertilizer requirements under cool-humid environments (Neeteson 1995).…”

Section: Soil No 3 -N Contents In Spring and Mid-seasonmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…With the linear-plus-plateau model, Zebarth and Paul (1997) report a critical value of about 33 mg NO 3 -N kg -1 soil for silage corn produced in British Columbia. The Cate-Nelson method, used by Magdoff et al (1984), indicates a greater probability of response of corn to N fertilizer when soil NO 3 -N was less than 16 mg NO 3 -N kg -1 soil. Soil sampling on the potato hills relatively close to where N was applied may explain the relatively large NO 3 -N contents observed in our study.…”

Section: Mid-season Soil No 3 -N Content Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting nitrogen fertilizer requirements of potatoes in Atlantic Canada with soil nitrate determinations

Bélanger

Walsh²,

Richards³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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N. 2001. Predicting nitrogen fertilizer requirements of potatoes in Atlantic Canada with soil nitrate determinations. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 535-544. Nitrogen greatly affects potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield, but excess N can result in environmental degradation. In this study soil nitrate (NO 3 -N) content was determined pre-plant to predict fertilizer N requirements of potatoes in Atlantic Canada and in mid-season to adjust N fertilization during the growing season. Soil NO 3 -N contents were measured to a 0.30-m depth in spring prior to planting at four on-farm sites in each of 3 yr (1995 to 1997) in the upper St. John River Valley of New Brunswick, Canada. Mid-season soil NO 3 -N contents at a 0-0.30 m depth were also determined (32-47 days after planting) at two sites in three N treatments in 1995 (0, 50, and 250 kg N ha -1 ) and in four N treatments in 1996 and 1997 (0, 50, 100, and 250 kg N ha -1 ). The yield response of potatoes to six rates of N fertilization (0-250 kg N ha -1 ) with and without supplemental irrigation was used to determine the economically optimum N application (Nop). The pre-plant spring soil NO 3 -N test alone could not adequately predict the N requirements of potatoes in Atlantic Canada; the Nop and relative yield were poorly correlated (0.07 < R 2 < 0.52) with spring soil NO 3 -N content. The midseason soil NO 3 -N test, however, could be used to determine the need for supplemental N fertilizer; NO 3 -N content correlated well (0.44 < R 2 < 0.68) with the relative yield for total and marketable yield. We suggest a critical mid-season value of 80 mg NO 3 -N kg -1 soil for marketable yield, above which additional N application might not be necessary.Key words: N fertilizer, nitrate, Nop, relative yield, Solanum tuberosum, critical value Bélanger, G., Walsh, J. R., Richards, J. E., Milburn, P. H. et Ziadi, N. 2001. La prédiction des besoins en fertilisation azotée de la pomme de terre au Canada Atlantique avec les teneurs en nitrate des sols. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 535-544. L'azote (N) affecte beaucoup le rendement de la pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum L.) mais l'excès de son utilisation peut causer une dégradation environnementale. Dans cette étude, la teneur du sol en nitrate (NO 3 -N) a été déterminée avant la plantation afin de prédire les besoins en N de la pomme de terre produite au Canada Atlantique et en milieu de saison afin d'ajuster la fertilisation au cours de la saison de croissance. La teneur du sol en nitrate a été mesurée au printemps à une profondeur de 0,30 m à quatre sites pendant trois années (1995 à 1997) dans la vallée de la rivière St-Jean au Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada. La teneur du sol en NO 3 -N à une profondeur de 0,30 m a aussi été déterminée 32-47 jours après la plantation (test de milieu de saison) à deux sites dans trois traitements en 1995 (0, 50, et 250 kg N ha -1 ) et dans quatre traitements en 1996 et 1997 (0, 50, 100, et 250 kg N ha -1 ). La réponse à la fertilisation azotée (0-250 kg N ha -1 ) avec ou sans irrigation supplémentaire a été utilisé...

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“…Nitrogen applications at sidedress should be based on pre-sidedress soil or plant tests as indicators of soil available N. The pre-sidedress soil nitrate test became well known after the work of Magdoff et al (1984). Thereafter, many researchers included this soil N availability index in their studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crops use-efficiency of nitrogen from manures permitted in organic farming

Rodrigues¹,

Pereira²,

Cabanas³

et al. 2006

European Journal of Agronomy

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The current increase in the organic agriculture sector has created a new market for fertilisers approved for organic farming. Off-farm N sources for organic farming are scarce considering the restriction on the use of chemical fertilisers. Thus, when some commercial products are allowed for organic agriculture, commercial opportunities became available. In this study we compare the behaviour of Vegethumus (Veg) and Phenix (Phe), which are two manures allowed for organic farming, with several other manures, ammonium nitrate (AN) and control treatments. A three year field trial and a pot experiment were carried out in order to estimate dry matter yield, N uptake, and N nutritional status of the crops, as well as soil N availability by using anion exchange membranes inserted into the soil. Apparent N recoveries in the field trial were 6.3 % and 58.2 % in Veg and AN plots, respectively, after the application of 380 kg N/ha in the previous 5 growing seasons. In the pot experiment the ANR of Veg and Phe were -5.0 % and 13.6 %, respectively, while in AN pots it was 37.1%. The other organic manures used in the pot experiment gave higher apparent N recoveries than Veg and Phe if their C:N ratios or inorganic-N contents were taken into account. This work stresses that the use of manures approved for organic farming must first be carefully considered by farmers, with reference to price and agronomic value.

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A Soil Test for Nitrogen Availability to Corn

Cited by 310 publications

References 0 publications

Yield response of forage grasses to N fertilizer as related to spring soil nitrate sorbed on anionic exchange membranes

Yield response of forage grasses to N fertilizer as related to spring soil nitrate sorbed on anionic exchange membranes

Predicting nitrogen fertilizer requirements of potatoes in Atlantic Canada with soil nitrate determinations

Crops use-efficiency of nitrogen from manures permitted in organic farming

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