A solar-powered, high-efficiency hydrogen fueling system using high-pressure electrolysis of water: Design and initial results

Kelly, Nelson A.; Gibson, Thomas L.; Ouwerkerk, David B.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.03.036

Cited by 101 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Hydrogen can be produced from various resources via diverse pathways with different levels of emissions associated with each approach [2]. Hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water with electricity derived from renewable energy sources could potentially eliminate the green-house-gas emissions and air pollution [2][3][4] from fuel production and delivery. Therefore hydrogen fueling stations powered by renewable sources will not only achieve zero-emission hydrogen production, and support California requirements for 33% renewable hydrogen (Signed into law at 2006, Senate Bill 1505 states that at least 33% of hydrogen produced in California is required to be produced from renewable), but will also significantly extend the existing network of hydrogen fueling stations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy efficiency obtained by incorporating a solar-hydrogen system for residential applications is also presented. Kelly et al [4] describe the design and performance of a solar hydrogen fueling station at Milford, MI. The system uses high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) modules, a highpressure (6500 psi, 44.8 MPa) electrolyzer, and an optimized direct connection between the PV and electrolyzer systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Analysis of a Self-Sustainable Renewable Hydrogen Fueling Station

Brouwer

Samuelsen

2014

ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology

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To evaluate the dynamic operation and feasibility of designing and operating a self-sustainable hydrogen fueling station using renewable energy sources, system models for a hydrogen fueling station using a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and fuel cell have been developed to simulate the renewable sources and fueling dynamics together with hydrogen production and station operation. Theoretical models have been integrated to simulate station performance when subjected to measured power and fueling demand dynamics from a public fueling station and measured renewable energy supply dynamics. The theoretical models that are integrated into various self-sustainable station design configurations include a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and PEM fuel cell, hydrogen compressor, and storage tank. The fueling dynamics and power consumption dynamics were obtained from an operating public hydrogen fueling station and implemented in the system model. Various control strategies are simulated and the station performance is determined to depend upon the way renewable power is utilized in the station. Due to the round trip efficiency penalty associated with converting electricity to hydrogen (in an electrolyzer) and vice versa (in a fuel cell), the results suggest that the station operation power should be supplied by the renewable sources directly whenever possible, and that the hydrogen fuel cell should provide power only when there is no renewable power available (the third control strategy tested in this paper). The simulated hydrogen fueling station powered by 200 kW wind turbines or 360 kW solar PV were determined to successfully operate in a self-sustainable manner while dispensing ~25 kg of hydrogen per day. This study provides insights regarding the sizing of the station components such as renewable energy conversion devices, electrolyzer and fuel cell, and storage tank. The cost of the hydrogen was determined to be $8.01 per kg when the station is powered by 200 kW of wind turbines and operated using control strategy 3, while it increased to $20.22 per kg when the station is powered by 360 kW of PV array and operated using control strategy 3. This study provides a basis for achieving self-sustainable renewable hydrogen fueling stations. With further optimization and development, these self-sustainable renewable hydrogen fueling stations could provide valuable interconnections (especially in remote locations) throughout the hydrogen infrastructure network and further support the integration of renewable sources for vehicle fuels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Analysis of a Self-Sustainable Renewable Hydrogen Fueling Station

Brouwer

Samuelsen

2014

ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology

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“…The study showed that the electrolyzer operated efficiently on solar power over a wide range of conditions. More interestingly, occasional rapidly changing solar radiation and harsh weather conditions did not degrade the system performance [7]. This study estimated that the system could produce approximately 0.5 kg of high-pressure hydrogen per day on solar power for an average summer day in the Detroit area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The study evaluated the energy efficiency when incorporating a solar-hydrogen system for residential applications. Kelly et al [7] reported the design and performance of a solar hydrogen fueling station at Milford, MI, which was comprised of high-efficiency PV modules, and a high-pressure (44.8 MPa) electrolyzer. In this system, direct connection between the PV and electrolyzer systems was proposed and optimized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic operation and feasibility study of a self-sustainable hydrogen fueling station using renewable energy sources

Brouwer

2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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a b s t r a c tTo evaluate the dynamic operation and feasibility of designing and operating a selfsustainable hydrogen fueling station using renewable energy sources, dynamic system models have been developed for a hydrogen fueling station utilizing a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and fuel cell. Using fueling and power demand data from an existing public hydrogen station in Irvine, California, dynamic analyses of the selfsustainable station have been carried out. Various control strategies are developed and evaluated to determine the impacts of control strategies and renewable capacity factors on the efficiency and other performance characteristics of the station. The simulation results and analysis suggest that with careful sizing and system design, a self-sustainable hydrogen fueling station that relies completely upon renewable sources for hydrogen production, storage and dispensing is feasible. Moreover, a cost and sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the levelized hydrogen cost for different station designs. The cost of the hydrogen is determined to be as low as $6.71 per kg or $9.14 per kg when the station is powered by 200 kW of wind turbines or 360 kW of PV arrays, respectively.

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“…Laboratory-scale demonstrations of these systems have achieved remarkable performances. Systems based on III-V semiconductors have been developed and show efficiencies up to 18% STH using concentrated solar irradiation (19,35), whereas systems based on Si PV cells have achieved efficiencies above 10% (86)(87)(88)(89)(90)91). More recently, solution-processed perovskite-based PV components together with earth-abundant electrocatalysts have been used to drive the watersplitting reaction at high efficiency levels, up to 12.3% STH (92) (Figure 3c).…”

Section: Photovoltaics-driven Electrolysis Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Device View on Photo-Electrochemical Solar-Hydrogen Generation

Modestino

Haussener

2015

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

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Devices that directly capture and store solar energy have the potential to significantly increase the share of energy from intermittent renewable sources. Photo-electrochemical solar-hydrogen generators could become an important contributor, as these devices can convert solar energy into fuels that can be used throughout all sectors of energy. Rather than focusing on scientific achievement on the component level, this article reviews aspects of overall component integration in photo-electrochemical water-splitting devices that ultimately can lead to deployable devices. Throughout the article, three generalized categories of devices are considered with different levels of integration and spanning the range of complete integration by one-material photo-electrochemical approaches to complete decoupling by photovoltaics and electrolyzer devices. By using this generalized framework, we describe the physical aspects, device requirements, and practical implications involved with developing practical photo-electrochemical water-splitting devices. Aspects reviewed include macroscopic coupled multiphysics device models, physical device demonstrations, and economic and life cycle assessments, providing the grounds to draw conclusions on the overall technological outlook.

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A solar-powered, high-efficiency hydrogen fueling system using high-pressure electrolysis of water: Design and initial results

Cited by 101 publications

References 27 publications

Dynamic Analysis of a Self-Sustainable Renewable Hydrogen Fueling Station

Dynamic Analysis of a Self-Sustainable Renewable Hydrogen Fueling Station

Dynamic operation and feasibility study of a self-sustainable hydrogen fueling station using renewable energy sources

An Integrated Device View on Photo-Electrochemical Solar-Hydrogen Generation

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