A solid future for battery development

Janek, Jürgen; Zeier, Wolfgang G.

doi:10.1038/nenergy.2016.141

Cited by 2,843 publications

(2,507 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…[8,9] One of the optimal methods to offset these disadvantages is developing solid-state Li-air and Li-S batteries and replacing conventional organic electrolytes with solid electrolytes, such as inorganic and polymer electrolytes. [14][15][16][17][18] Figure 1 shows a typical schematic illustration of solid-state Li-air and Li-S batteries, which both consist of a Li metal anode, a solid-state electrolyte, and a cathode with suitable ionic and electronic paths. The difference between them is that the cathode of the solid-state Li-S battery (SSLSB) contains active material sulfur or Li 2 S, whereas that of the solid-state Li-air battery (SSLAB) includes effective catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Solid‐State Li–Air and Li–S Batteries: Materials, Construction, and Challenges

Liu

Zhou

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

265

190

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batteries based on intercalation materials cannot meet the demands of long-distance transport (i.e., >300 km).Recently, interest in Li-air [4][5][6] (or Li-O 2 as oxygen is the cathode active component) and Li-S batteries [7][8][9] has increased because of their high theoretical capacities and energy densities, which are suitable for remote transportation. Abraham and Jiang introduced the first rechargeable Li-O 2 battery in 1996, [10] although it drew little interest until Bruce and co-workers proved the rechargeability of Li 2 O 2 . [11] Li-O 2 cells possess significant strength because oxygen gas can be obtained from ambient air. Li-ions react with oxygen according to Equation (1), and Li 2 O 2 is the discharge product with an equilibrium potential of 2.96 V, delivering a large specific energy of 3600 W h kg −1 . Investigations on Li-S cell date back to the 1940s. The insulating nature of sulfur, Li 2 S 2 , and Li 2 S and the solubility of polysulfide intermediates greatly hinder its development. Fortunately, recent studies on new electrolytes and nanostructured material design provide merits and opportunities in developing Li-S batteries. Similar to Li-O 2 batteries, Li-S batteries, which contain inexpensive and abundant sulfur as positive electrode material, produce an average voltage of 2.15 V and possess a theoretical energy density of up to 2600 W h kg −1 , as further indicated by Equation (2). Many studies showed that intermediate polysulfide is produced during the discharge process where Li 2 S is formed as the final product. Typically, Li-O 2 and Li-S batteries both adopt Li metal as anode. The reason is that Li possesses the largest capacity (3860 mA h g −1 ) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.04 V) versus standard hydrogen electrodes. Thus, Li-O 2 and Li-S batteries are considered to be promising next-generation energy storage systems for PEVs and HEVs However, despite the advantages of Li-O 2 and Li-S batteries, they exhibit ignitability, toxicity, liquid leakage, and volatilization because of their organic liquid electrolyte components. Moreover, Li dendrites form during cycling, resulting in internal short circuit that leads to combustion and even cell explosion. [12,13] More seriously, the charging process in Li-air

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Solid‐State Li–Air and Li–S Batteries: Materials, Construction, and Challenges

Liu

Zhou

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

265

190

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“…Their conductivity increases with increasing temperature and the conductivity of some solid-state electrolytes may even be comparable to that of liquid electrolytes [18]. (ii) Undesirable "cross-talk" effects between the cathode and anode can, in some systems, be greatly suppressed or even avoided.…”

Section: Solid-state Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in lithium-sulfur batteries which are based on liquid organic electrolytes, the maligned polysulide "shuttle effect" will drastically lower the columbic efficiency [19]. These issues can be addressed by solid-state electrolytes as these undesirable species or intermediates cannot be dissolved and transported in these media [18]. (iii) Solid-state electrolytes are chemically more stable when coupled with high voltage Li cathodes.…”

Section: Solid-state Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this class of electrolytes usually have a very low ionic conductivity at room-temperature. To achieve a more reasonable conductivity, elevated temperatures above 80°C are necessary [18]. Moreover, most electrolytes are so-called "hybrid" systems due to the presence of liquid organic solvents, which will also introduce some safety issues, such as solvent leakage, combustible risk, and small-size designing problems [38,39].…”

Section: Solid-state Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These publications present a nice overview on novel materials, advanced synthesis technologies and characterization methods [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The present review focuses on the MOCVD deposition of materials for thin film all-solid-state LIBs and the three dimensional (3D) all-solid-state LIBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition enabling all-solid-state Li-ion microbatteries: A short review

2017

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For powering small-sized electronic devices, allsolid-state Li-ion batteries are the most promising candidates due to its safety and allowing miniaturization. Thin film deposition methods can be used for building new all-solid-state architectures. Well-known deposition methods are sputter deposition, pulsed laser deposition, sol-gel deposition, atomic layer deposition, etc. This review summarizes thin film storage materials deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. The deposition parameters strongly influence the quality of the films, such as surface morphology, composition, electrochemical stability and cycling performance. Some materials have been successfully deposited by MOCVD into 3D-structured substrates, revealing conformal, homogeneous and high performance battery properties.

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Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD)

Bäcker¹,

Baumann²,

Brunkahl³

et al. 2019

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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Chemical solution deposition (CSD) can offer economic access to large area coatings, which are required to handle significant amounts of energy in innovative applications. CSD represents an umbrella term encompassing various methods such as sol–gel, metallo‐organic decomposition (MOD), and chemical bath deposition (CBD), which are used for the fabrication of functional metal chalcogenide films. These methods are all based on the layer fabrication from precursors dissolved in the liquid phase, which are transformed into the final functional film material by different working principles. The differences are related to the involved chemistry, solvent, temperatures, and heating processes, as described herein. In addition, chemical and physical deposition methods are briefly compared, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.

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A solid future for battery development

Cited by 2,843 publications

References 26 publications

Rechargeable Solid‐State Li–Air and Li–S Batteries: Materials, Construction, and Challenges

Rechargeable Solid‐State Li–Air and Li–S Batteries: Materials, Construction, and Challenges

Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition enabling all-solid-state Li-ion microbatteries: A short review

Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD)

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