A solid-phase extraction procedure for the clean-up of thiram from aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of humic substances

Determination of thiram in natural waters using flow‐injection with cerium(IV)–quinine chemiluminescence system

“…For solid-phase extraction (SPE), the previously reported procedure [4] was adapted as described. Commercial Supelclean envi-18 cartridges (Supelco) of 500 mg were washed with 3.0 mL of chloroform, the solvent used for thiram elution.…”

“…Various analytical methods have been reported for the determination of thiram, such as spectrophotometry, [3,4] voltammetry, [5] high-performance liquid chromatography based on ultraviolet, electrochemical and chemiluminescence detection, [6][7][8][9] capillary electrophoresis [10] and flow injection-amperometry [11] in water, foodstuffs and commercial samples. Comprehensive reviews on thiram pesticide in environmental and pharmaceutical samples have also been reported.…”

Photodegradation and Flow-Injection Determination of Dithiocarbamate Fungicides in Natural Water with Chemiluminescence Detection

“…Various analytical methods have been reported for the determination of maneb, nabam and thiram, such as spectrophotometry, [7][8][9][10] gas chromatography, 11,12 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 13 high-performance liquid chromatography, 14,15 polarography and voltammetry, 16 capillary electrophoresis, 17 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 18 fluorometry 19 and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy 20 in water, foodstuff and commercial samples. Kubo et al 21 have reported the FI-CL method for the determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides (ziram, moncozeb and propineb), based on luminol-CL in the presence of catalyst in an alkaline solution with limits of detection (S/N = 3) of 2.0, 0.1 and 0.5 ppb, respectively.…”

Bleeding Evaluation of Different SPE Cartridges on Clean-Up of Atrazine From Aqueous Samples Containing Organic Matter

“…The most used method for direct measurement of the adsorption coefficient of an organic molecule, such as atrazine, into soil is batch experiments, which are easily used for routine laboratory work following the OECD guideline 106 [14]. Adsorption studies of organic contaminants on soil and on humic acids (HA) are usually performed by mixing and equilibrating a known amount of soil or solid HA with a known volume of pesticide standard solutions in 0.01 M CaCl 2 [15].…”

“…The solutions equilibrated with soil or HA contain high concentrations of UV-Vis absorbent organic matter, which can interfere with the analytical determination of the pesticide [15]. Thus, for studying the adsorption of atrazine either on soils or on HA, a clean-up procedure is usually required to remove these substances from the solution before the pesticide analysis.…”