A Solid-Phase System (SPACE) for the Detection and Quantification of Rotavirus in Faeces

Bradburne, A. F.; Almeida, June D.; Gardner, P. S.; Moosai, R. B.; Nash, Anthony; Coombs, R.R.A.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-44-3-615

Cited by 35 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…They are primarily research techniques and are not used routinely. Among the in vitro tests are an immune adherence hemagglutination test (262), a reverse passive hemagglutination test (314,315), and a solid-phase aggregation of coupled erythrocytes technique (26,388), and PAGE (258). Various methods to detect rotavirus or rotavii-al proteins in infected cell cultures have been developed and include a collodial gold-protein A-IgG technique (289), a radioimmunofocus assay (220), and an immunoperoxidase procedure (44).…”

Section: Laboratory Methods and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human viral gastroenteritis.

Christensen¹

1989

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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CHRISTENSEN propagated by using special cell types or techniques or both (320, 353, 372). In addition, a variety of in vitro detection systems, including enzyme immunoassays (149, 175, 333, 408), radioimmunoassays (137, 141, 181, 264), latex agglutination (140, 169), and nucleic acid hybridization techniques (116, 175), have been developed for their rapid detection. The detection and identification of these agents are important since viral gastroenteritis is the second most common clinical entity in developed countries, second only to viral upper respiratory tract illness (188). Worldwide, acute gastroenteritis and its associated dehydration afflicts almost 500 million children annually. In underdeveloped or developing countries, acute gastroenteritis, including viral gastroenteritis, is the leading cause of death of children under the age of 4 years (360). Since 1980, a wealth of literature has developed covering many aspects of these viruses and the infections they cause, including their molecular biology, epidemiology, immunology, and clinical features. In addition, detection tests for routine use have been developed for rotaviruses (310) and fecal adenoviruses (333) and experimental rotavirus vaccines have been developed (184, 377, 379, 380). Of these viruses, rotaviruses are the most common known cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children, with the fastidious fecal adenoviruses most likely being the second most common cause in this age group (301, 369). Calici-, astro-, and coronaviruses are probably responsible for a minority of illness in the young age group (253, 302). In contrast, the Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses have caused considerable numbers of outbreaks of gastroenteritis among older children, adolescents, and adults (136, 137, 189). ROTAVIRUSES Epidemiology Rotaviruses were first discovered in humans 15 years ago by Bishop et al. (18, 19) by the EM examination of duodenal

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Section: Laboratory Methods and Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Human viral gastroenteritis.

Christensen¹

1989

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human viral gastroenteritis

Christensen

1989

Clin Microbiol Rev

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During the last 15 years, several different groups of fastidious viruses that are responsible for a large proportion of acute viral gastroenteritis cases have been discovered by the electron microscopic examination of stool specimens. This disease is one of the most prevalent and serious clinical syndromes seen around the world, especially in children. Rotaviruses, in the family Reoviridae, and fastidious fecal adenoviruses account for much of the viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children, whereas the small caliciviruses and unclassified astroviruses, and possibly enteric coronaviruses, are responsible for significantly fewer cases overall. In addition to electron microscopy, enzyme immunoassays and other rapid antigen detection systems have been developed to detect rotaviruses and fastidious fecal adenoviruses in the stool specimens of both nonhospitalized patients and those hospitalized for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Experimental rotavirus vaccines have also been developed, due to the prevalence and seriousness of rotavirus infection. The small, unclassified Norwalk virus and morphologically similar viruses are responsible for large and small outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in older children, adolescents, and adults. Hospitalization of older patients infected with these viruses is usually not required, and their laboratory diagnoses have been limited primarily to research laboratories.

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“…The test protocol is simple and rapid, and can be applied to small numbers of samples or larger batches according to demand. The major limitation of RPHA is the presence of non-specific haemagglutinating factors in a number of bovine faeces samples, although the problem in this study was not as severe as reported in previous work (Bradburne et al, 1979). In most cases non-specific factors can be eliminated by one or more adsorptions of the samples with normal sheep red blood cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

A comparison of three rapid diagnostic methods for the detection of rotavirus infection in calves

Edwards

Chasey

Napthine

et al. 1987

Veterinary Microbiology

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Three techniques for the detection of rotavirus in faecal samples from calves with neonatal gastroenteritis were compared. A preliminary study indicated that reverse passive haemagglutination (RPHA) was at least as sensitive as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These two immunoassays were compared with the detection of viral RNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) on 209 field samples. Of the 77 samples in which at least one test gave a positive result, 69 were positive by both RPHA and PAGE, but only 49 were also positive by ELISA, indicating a lower sensitivity for the latter test. The overall agreement between RPHA and PAGE was 96%. The reasons for the discrepancies between the tests are discussed.

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A Solid-Phase System (SPACE) for the Detection and Quantification of Rotavirus in Faeces

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Human viral gastroenteritis.

Human viral gastroenteritis.

Human viral gastroenteritis

A comparison of three rapid diagnostic methods for the detection of rotavirus infection in calves

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