A solid-shell Cosserat point element (SSCPE) for elastic thin structures at finite deformation

A hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for both thin and 3D nonlinear elastic structures

“…Traditionally, thin structures have been modeled using special elements, as it is well known that classical low order finite elements fail to model such struc-tures, due to several locking effects. Special plate and shell finite elements has been developed over the past fifty years, either based on a plate/shell theories, or by simplifying three-dimensional continuum theories (see reviews in [19,20,21], 30 and in particular [22,23,24] for DG approaches). Both approaches have been shown to model accurately finite deformations of thin structures.…”

“…Finally, the objectivity of the strain measures may be lost (see [25]). In order to overcome these drawbacks, alternative loworder solid-shell elements have been then developed (see [26,27,28,29,30] 40 among many others), able to model both thick and thin structures. These elements are volumetric solid bricks modified with a variety of techniques in order to tame the locking pathologies.…”