A Spanish adaptation of the Quality in Psychiatric Care—Inpatient (QPC-IP) instrument: Psychometric properties and factor structure

Abstract

Background and aim Western countries share an interest in evaluating and improving quality of care in the healthcare field. The aim was to develop and examine the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Spanish version of the Quality in Psychiatric Care–Inpatient (QPC-IP) instrument. Methods A psychometric study was conducted, translating the QPC-IPS instrument into Spanish, revision of the instrument by a panel of experts, and assessing its psychometric properties. 150 psychiatric inpatients completed the QPC-IP. Test-retest reliability was assessed by re-administering the questionnaire to 75 of these patients. Results After conducting pilot testing and a cognitive interview with 30 inpatients, it was determined that the QPC-IPS was adequate and could be self-administered. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.94 was obtained for the full instrument and values of 0.52–0.89 for the various dimensions of the questionnaire. Test re test reliability: The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for the full questionnaire was 0.69, while for the individual dimensions values between 0.62 and 0.74 were obtained, indicating acceptable temporal stability. Convergent validity was analysed using 10-point numerical satisfaction scale, giving a positive correlation (0.49). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed six factors consistent with the original scale. The Spanish version yielded adequate results in terms of validity and reliability. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence of the convergent validity, reliability, temporal stability and construct validity of the Spanish QPC-IP for measuring patient quality in psychiatric care in Spanish hospitals. Hospital administrators can use this tool to assess and identify areas for improvement to enhance quality in psychiatric care.

Adaptation, psychometric properties and factor structure of the Spanish Quality in Psychiatric Care-Outpatient Staff (QPC-OPS) instrument

“…A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.885 was obtained for the whole instrument and the factors in general showed values greater than 0.70, which is considered an adequate value according to Nunnally and Berstein 49 . The global Cronbach’s alpha is somewhat lower than the original version of the instrument 26 and other versions of the QPC family 28 , 29 , 43 , 44 , 48 , although higher than the Norwegian community version 27 and the hospital version for Indonesian users 47 with a value identical to the hospital version for Indonesian professionals 46 . Cronbach’s alpha values lower than 0.70 were found for the factors F4.Discharge (0.462), F6.Environment (0.537) and F7.Next of kin (0.440), which are considered less adequate values.…”

“…The ICC for the whole instrument and for each of the factors was above 0.70 except in the case of F5.Support (0.681), which in general is considered good agreement 31 , 32 . For the Spanish QPC-IPS and QPC-IP, the ICC for the whole instrument was 0.91 and the factors had values above 0.70 except for the factor F6.Discharge 43 , 48 .…”

“…The adaptation process of the QPC-OPS involved a translation and back-translation to obtain the Spanish version. Other studies in the QPC family 27 , 43 – 48 produced versions in other languages using a similar process. Results in this phase were satisfactory and there were no difficulties found with respect to the comprehension and administration of the instrument.…”

“…Temporal or test–retest stability was also analysed in the study. This value was not calculated in the original Swedish QPC-OP version 26 , the other original versions of the QPC family 28 , 29 or in the translated versions 44 , 46 , 47 , with the exception of the Spanish hospital versions of the QPC-IPS and QPC-IP 43 , 48 . The ICC for the whole instrument and for each of the factors was above 0.70 except in the case of F5.Support (0.681), which in general is considered good agreement 31 , 32 .…”

“…The correlation obtained was positive 50 , showing that the greater the job satisfaction, the higher the perception of the quality of psychiatric care provided. Of the studies related to the family of QPC instruments, this is the third study in which convergent validity is calculated, the first being the Spanish hospital version of the QPC-IPS 43 and the second the Spanish hospital version of the QPC-IP 48 . The Spanish QPC-IPS calculated convergent validity using the same NTP 394 scale, obtaining a higher value (rho = 0.58); considered a moderate positive correlation.…”