A spark discharge generator for scalable aerosol CVD synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes with tailored characteristics

Abstract

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Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Spark Discharge as a Facile and Versatile Technique of Preparing Highly Conductive Pt Nano-Ink for Printed Electronics

“…It is known that during the synthesis of nanoparticles by spark discharge, the parameters of the gas environment can affect the kinetics of the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles, which leads to the formation of nanoparticles with different morphology, size, and crystal structure [ 39 , 41 ]. Figure 2 and Figure 3 show TEM and SEM images of PtNPs synthesized by spark discharge under Ar, N 2 and air.…”

“…Spark discharge synthesis is a simple and versatile method for producing nanoparticles, since it requires only gas, electrodes, and electricity. Moreover, spark discharge synthesis is carried out in a pure gas atmosphere that protects the nanoparticles from contamination [ 39 , 41 ]. In this regard, the spark discharge synthesis can become an eco-friendly and simple method of producing nanoparticles for nano-inks.…”

Fine-tuning of spark-discharge aerosol CVD reactor for single-walled carbon nanotube growth: The role of ex situ nucleation

“…It goes without saying that the fluid dynamics results in a certain residence time distribution [46,66], here we employ the residence time parameter (a quotient of the reactor volume divided by flowtrate) as as a batch parameter describing the reactor design. The amount of the catalyst inrtoduced to the reactor was comparable: for the ferrocene cartidge the vapor pressure described above provides the concentration of iron atoms of 4⋅10 13 #/cm 3 ; an estimation for the spark discharge generator of the electrode erosion is a complex task: a widely employed for the spark discharge apparatus [67][68][69][70] theoretical estimation according to Jones equation (1) [71] gives 3⋅10 13 #/cm 3 (more at S1), while the aerosol measurements by differential mobility analyzer at the end of the generator line followed by the integration provide Fe atom concentration of 0.9⋅10 13 #/cm 3 [45]:…”

“…Moreover, the nature of a catalyst (chemical composition, method for particle formation, impurities) has been proven to play a decisive role for the SWCNT performance [41][42][43][44]. The recent developments in the aerosol CVD method equipped with a spark discharge generator have proven this technique to provide a route for controlled scaling: the reactor provides an independent behavior of the defectiveness, the yield, and the diameter distribution of SWCNTs [45]. Such a behavior not only positively differs the spark discharge equipped aerosol CVD from the most abundant ferrocenebased aerosol CVD technology [46][47][48][49], but also unusual for carbon nanotube growth [50,51] and aerosol science [52] in general.…”

Detecting cooking state of grilled chicken by electronic nose and computer vision techniques

“…The aerosol particle size distributions (provided by DMA) show a monomodal shape, implying the emitted species agglomerates within a single mechanism and is relatively liquid due to the characteristic lack of the di-, tri-, and tetramers of the aerosol nanoparticles, which can be observed as specific shoulders at sizes greater than the mean one. This is the case for low-temperature agglomeration of solids, while liquid aerosol particles tend to reconstruct a spherical shape (Krasnikov et al, 2019). Grilling results in the aerosol concentration of nanoparticles reaching as high as 4.2×10 7 per cm 3 observed at 5-10 min.…”