“…Open-data policies have further accelerated burgeoning research in this area. Scholars have addressed many issues such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic [30], effects of the weather on bike-sharing ridership [31,32], analyzing the spatial demand of bikesharing [33], forecasting bike-sharing demand [34,35], and the impact of subway closure on bike-sharing [36,37]. Yet, these data are generally available at an origin-destination level, rather than the GPS trajectory for each journey.…”