A Spatio-Temporal Coded Modulation Scheme for Molecular MIMO Systems

A generalized space shift keying modulation for molecular MIMO systems

“…For $$T_{B}=0.6$$, we observe from Figure 2 that BER for MSSK scheme is $$4\times 10^{-7}$$, and that for GMSSK is $$6.667\times 10^{-8}$$. For smaller values of $$T_{B}$$, channel becomes ISI‐dominant [16]. Moreover, for $$N_{A}=2$$, GMSSK scheme allots half the number of molecules, that is, N molecules per antenna per symbol duration as compared to MSSK scheme which allots 2 N molecules per symbol duration.…”

“…The DBMC channel can be found through Monte Carlo simulations [16] or by applying machine learning approach TABLE 1 The 8 × 4 diffusion based molecular MIMO channel matrix for N T = 8, when index 1 is activated for information transmission. Due to the symmetric uniform circular array (UCA) of antennas in T and R unit of 8 × 8 molecular MIMO system, the channel matrix when antenna index other than one is activated can be obtained by circularly rotating the channel coefficients simulated when signal transmission happens from antenna index one [13].…”

“…The count of the received number of molecules at n th receiver antenna in t th time duration is denoted by R n [t ], where 1 ≤ t ≤ L, L being the length of the information symbol vector. The received number of molecules R n [t ] can be approximated by Gaussian distribution [16], that is,…”

“…In this paper, we consider a three dimensional, unbounded, diffusion without drift molecular communication (MC) environment with finite number of antennas embedded on transmitter (T) and receiver (R) unit [16]. The point transmitter antennas are synchronized to each other and perfectly aligned to the respective absorbing spherical receiver antennas.…”

“…Experimental work for MSSK modulation scheme is done in [14]. Recently, molecular spatio temporal coded modulation (MSTCM) scheme is proposed in [15,16] which judiciously encodes information in antenna indices based on the index activated in the previous interval. Moreover, a pulse position based spatio temporal coded modulation scheme is analyzed in [17] which further alleviates the problem of ISI and ILI.…”