A special risk group for hepatitis E infection: Turkish agricultural workers who use untreated waste water for irrigation

Ceylan, Ali; Ertem, Melikşah; İlçin, Ersen; Özekinci, Tuncer

doi:10.1017/s0950268803008719

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…An increased seroprevalence has also been reported in Turkish farmers who used untreated wastewater for agriculture [Ceylan et al, 2003]. These reports support the present study's findings of high HEV RNA positivity rate in the sewage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Presence of hepatitis E virus in sewage in Northern India: Frequency and seasonal pattern

Ippagunta

Naik

Sharma

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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Outbreaks of acute hepatitis E, associated with consumption of contaminated drinking water, are frequent in India. Sewage is a major source for contamination of surface water. Data on the presence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in sewage in India are limited. The aim of this study was to look for the presence of HEV RNA in concentrates of sewage specimens collected from a major open sewage drain in Lucknow, India during August 2004 to July 2006, by the polymerase chain reaction, using primers specific for human HEV (genotype 1) or Indian swine HEV (genotype 4). Of the 192 sewage specimens tested, 79 (41%) showed presence of human HEV RNA. The positivity rate was higher during the second year (52/103 [51%]) than during the first year (27/89 [30%]; P = 0.005). The seasonal pattern of HEV RNA positivity was as follows: winter months (November to February): 28 of 61 (46%); summer months (March to June): 36 of 66 (55%); and, monsoon months (July to October) 15 of 65 (23%). There was no reported outbreak of hepatitis E in the city during the study period. Swine HEV RNA was not detected in any of the 69 specimens tested. Repeat testing confirmed the reproducibility of the results. In addition, nucleic acid sequencing of six sewage isolates showed that these belonged to HEV genotype 1. The study suggests that HEV infection and fecal viral excretion may be common in HEV-endemic regions throughout the year even during non-epidemic periods.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Presence of hepatitis E virus in sewage in Northern India: Frequency and seasonal pattern

Ippagunta

Naik

Sharma

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…In a study in which farmers who used unrefined waste water as irrigation water in Diyarbakır and the control group were compared, the HEV seropositivity was found to be 34% in the farmers who used waste water for irrigation and 4.4% in the control group; the difference was markedly different (15). In a study conducted in our country which involved pediatric patients from the province of Konya, the prevalence of anti-HEV was reported to be 5.7% and the HEV seropositivity was found to be markedly increased in conditions where the water source was outside the house compared to the conditions where the water source was inside the house (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in children in the province of Van, Turkey

Bayhan¹,

Demioren²,

Güdücüoğlu³

2016

Turk Pediatri Ars

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Aim: Hepatitis E virus is an etiological agent of hepatitis which is transmitted enterically and may lead to water-born outbreaks. Although it is mainly transmitted by the fecal-oral route, it is estimated that many cases are associated with zoonotic transmission in developing countries. In this study, we aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E in the childhood age group in the province of Van and to demonstrate the relationship between seroprevalence and demographic properties, residential house/region, water supply used at home, dealing with livestock and history of surgery. Material and Methods:In this study, hepatitis E virus IgG antibody was studied by ELISA method in children aged between 2 months and 18 years between June 2014 and September 2014 in the province of Van.Results: A total of 408 children and adolescents were enrolled in the study. Hepatitis E IgG was found to be positive in 4.2% of the subjects. 179 (43.8%) of the subjects were female and 229 (56.2%) were male. The mean age was 123 months±56.6 months (minimum 2 months, maximum 214 months). When the seropositivity rates were compared by age groups and gender, no difference was found. No correlation was found between hepatitis E seropositivity and the variables of residence, dealing with livestock and water resources. No correlation was found between anti-hepatits E virus seropositivity and parental education level, number of cohabitants and history of surgery. Conclusion:In our study, hepatitis E virus seropositivity was found to be lower compared to the mean seropositivity in Turkey. Hepatitis E infection does not constitute a serious problem in children in the province of Van in accordance with the results reported from different parts of our country. Livestock dealing and usage of well water are not considered risk factors for Hepatitis E infection. (Turk Pediatri Ars 2016; 51: 148-51)

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“…A separate study reported that 57% of sewerage workers from India were positive for IgG anti-HEV [21]. Turkish farmers who used untreated water for agriculture were highly seropositive for HEV [22]. These studies support the presence of high HEV RNA from sewerage water samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Frequency of HEV contamination in sewerage waters in Pakistan

Ahmad

Yasir

Tahir

et al. 2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Enteric viruses, including Hepatitis E virus (HEV), are able to persist under environmental conditions and may cause public health problems by contaminating natural and drinking water resources. Routine procedures for monitoring viruses in water samples have not been established for the water microbiology screening panel. Methodology: Eighty-six raw sewerage samples were collected from the different regions of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, the twin cities of Pakistan. Samples were concentrated for HEV, using a polyethylene glycol-based method followed by viral RNA extraction using a commercial kit-based method. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with HEV specific primers was used for the detection of HEV.Results: The present investigation focused on 86 raw sewerage water samples taken from different locations of drainage outlets of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. After careful experimentation, 35 samples were found to be RT-PCR positive. Nineteen (44.7%) out of 47 samples from Rawalpindi city were HEV positive while 16 (41.02%) out of 39 samples from Islamabad were HEV positive. All positive samples were found in the highly congested areas. Conclusions: The high detection rate of HEV in this study shows that HEV circulates at a relatively high frequency in the sewerage waters in Pakistan. This study is the first report on detection of HEV from sewerage waste water from Pakistan and suggests that HEV might be a potent indicator of viral pollution in environmental specimens.

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A special risk group for hepatitis E infection: Turkish agricultural workers who use untreated waste water for irrigation

Cited by 41 publications

References 3 publications

Presence of hepatitis E virus in sewage in Northern India: Frequency and seasonal pattern

Presence of hepatitis E virus in sewage in Northern India: Frequency and seasonal pattern

Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in children in the province of Van, Turkey

Frequency of HEV contamination in sewerage waters in Pakistan

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