Abstract:BackgroundIn the last years, several methods and devices have been proposed to record the human mandibular movements, since they provide quantitative parameters that support the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders. The techniques currently employed suffer from a number of drawbacks including high price, unnatural to use, lack of support for real-time analysis and mandibular movements recording as a pure rotation. In this paper, we propose a specialized optical motion capture system, which ca… Show more
“…First, the limb position used for each measurement by each investigator was not identical so comparison of accuracy between measurements relies on the accuracy of the motion capture analysis. Prior studies have shown motion capture analysis to be highly accurate for joint motion measurements making it ideal for use as a gold standard (Charlton et al 2015 ; Furtado et al 2013 ) and our study utilized arrays of reflective markers that were attached directly to the bones and secured with cement to decrease the possibility of loosening (Chung and Ng 2012 ). Hagio et al used CT scans combined with infrared motion capture analysis (similar to this study) and showed excellent accuracy (within 5 degrees) for hip motion (Hagio et al 2004 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The position of the table and cameras were calibrated prior to beginning a measurement session and remained constant for all investigators’ measurements. Clear visualization of the arrays by at least two cameras simultaneously is the minimum requirement for accurate localization, but this study used a minimum of three cameras to guarantee accuracy (Furtado et al 2013 ). Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A single assistant ( ) would position the limb at the maximum joint motion and hold it in place for all measurements. First, the exact skeletal location (joint angle) would be calculated by computer-assisted infrared camera motion capture analysis (Furtado et al 2013 ). This would establish the gold standard measure for comparison by this investigator of this joint motion to all three other techniques.…”
BackgroundAccurate measurements of knee and hip motion are required for management of musculoskeletal pathology. The purpose of this investigation was to compare three techniques for measuring motion at the hip and knee. The authors hypothesized that digital photography would be equivalent in accuracy and show higher precision compared to the other two techniques.MethodsUsing infrared motion capture analysis as the reference standard, hip flexion/abduction/internal rotation/external rotation and knee flexion/extension were measured using visual estimation, goniometry, and photography on 10 fresh frozen cadavers. These measurements were performed by three physical therapists and three orthopaedic surgeons. Accuracy was defined by the difference from the reference standard, while precision was defined by the proportion of measurements within either 5° or 10°. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-tests, and chi-squared tests were used.ResultsAlthough two statistically significant differences were found in measurement accuracy between the three techniques, neither of these differences met clinical significance (difference of 1.4° for hip abduction and 1.7° for the knee extension). Precision of measurements was significantly higher for digital photography than: (i) visual estimation for hip abduction and knee extension, and (ii) goniometry for knee extension only.ConclusionsThere was no clinically significant difference in measurement accuracy between the three techniques for hip and knee motion. Digital photography only showed higher precision for two joint motions (hip abduction and knee extension). Overall digital photography shows equivalent accuracy and near-equivalent precision to visual estimation and goniometry.
“…First, the limb position used for each measurement by each investigator was not identical so comparison of accuracy between measurements relies on the accuracy of the motion capture analysis. Prior studies have shown motion capture analysis to be highly accurate for joint motion measurements making it ideal for use as a gold standard (Charlton et al 2015 ; Furtado et al 2013 ) and our study utilized arrays of reflective markers that were attached directly to the bones and secured with cement to decrease the possibility of loosening (Chung and Ng 2012 ). Hagio et al used CT scans combined with infrared motion capture analysis (similar to this study) and showed excellent accuracy (within 5 degrees) for hip motion (Hagio et al 2004 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The position of the table and cameras were calibrated prior to beginning a measurement session and remained constant for all investigators’ measurements. Clear visualization of the arrays by at least two cameras simultaneously is the minimum requirement for accurate localization, but this study used a minimum of three cameras to guarantee accuracy (Furtado et al 2013 ). Fig.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A single assistant ( ) would position the limb at the maximum joint motion and hold it in place for all measurements. First, the exact skeletal location (joint angle) would be calculated by computer-assisted infrared camera motion capture analysis (Furtado et al 2013 ). This would establish the gold standard measure for comparison by this investigator of this joint motion to all three other techniques.…”
BackgroundAccurate measurements of knee and hip motion are required for management of musculoskeletal pathology. The purpose of this investigation was to compare three techniques for measuring motion at the hip and knee. The authors hypothesized that digital photography would be equivalent in accuracy and show higher precision compared to the other two techniques.MethodsUsing infrared motion capture analysis as the reference standard, hip flexion/abduction/internal rotation/external rotation and knee flexion/extension were measured using visual estimation, goniometry, and photography on 10 fresh frozen cadavers. These measurements were performed by three physical therapists and three orthopaedic surgeons. Accuracy was defined by the difference from the reference standard, while precision was defined by the proportion of measurements within either 5° or 10°. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-tests, and chi-squared tests were used.ResultsAlthough two statistically significant differences were found in measurement accuracy between the three techniques, neither of these differences met clinical significance (difference of 1.4° for hip abduction and 1.7° for the knee extension). Precision of measurements was significantly higher for digital photography than: (i) visual estimation for hip abduction and knee extension, and (ii) goniometry for knee extension only.ConclusionsThere was no clinically significant difference in measurement accuracy between the three techniques for hip and knee motion. Digital photography only showed higher precision for two joint motions (hip abduction and knee extension). Overall digital photography shows equivalent accuracy and near-equivalent precision to visual estimation and goniometry.
“…Most of the markers used have been fixed to the jaw in two ways: either to the teeth, via mounts [10][11][12][13] or to the skin of the chin. [14][15][16][17][18][19] In the latter case, the resulting movement records may be distorted if placed in an area with thick muscular tissue as it can be influenced by movement of facial muscles, and hence the validity of the recording may be affected. 20 On the other hand, fixing mounts to the teeth might interfere with the natural movement of the jaw by making the patient more aware of the procedure.…”
Introduction To assess effect of orthodontic treatment on anterior or lateral functional shift in mixed dentition stage by telemonitoring mandibular movements in four-dimensions using a novel objective method that can assist in orthodontics and other dental specialties without the need of expensive, bulky or complicated equipment. Methods A sample of 60 patients was divided into two groups. Group I included 30 patients with normal occlusion and TMJ functions. Group II included 30 patients that were diagnosed with an abnormal path of closure in antero-posterior or transverse directions due to disharmony between centric occlusion and centric relation. The latter group was orthodontically treated and mandibular movements were measured before, during, directly after orthodontic treatment, and one year after treatment using our proposed method. To evaluate validity and reliability of our method, it was compared with two methods, a commercially available mandibular scanner, and a low-cost graphical method that utilizes a sheet of wax and a stylus. Results It was found that the overall differences between opening and closing curves of our proposed method and the other two methods were small and negligible ( p > 0.05). Discussion It was found that our proposed method is offering a reasonably accurate, simple and rapid way to telemonitor the mandible movements in four-dimensions using the rear/front camera of any smart-phone.
When a dysfunction occurs in any component of the stomatognathic system, temporomandibular disorders (TMD) may originate. The aim of this study was to compare the deviations, displacement and the execution speed of mandibular movements among asymptomatic participants and those with TMD. Convenience sampling was used; forty participants diagnosed by clinical evaluation following the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders were divided into three groups: arthropathy (GART, 10 participants, 40% men), myopathy (GMYO, 10 participants, 30% men), and the control group (CG, 20 asymptomatic participants, 25% men). Participants were asked to perform the movements of free maximal mouth opening and closing, right and left lateral excursions, and protrusion with sliding teeth contacts. The mandibular trajectory was recorded using opto-electronic devices tracking reflective markers placed in front of the 'soft tissue pogonion point'. The movements were analysed on the following axis: x - medial-lateral, y - vertical, z - antero-posterior. Significative differences were found in CGxGART - unassisted maximal mouth opening and closing projection on y-axis (OCY), CGxGMYO - unassisted maximal mouth opening and closing projection on x-axis (OCX), and in the measures Opening lateral deviation on x-axis (OLDX), closing lateral deviation on x-axis (CLDX) and in the measures of speed for both. In regard to GARTxGMYO, a significative difference was found in Protrusion lateral deviation on x-axis (PLDX) 'Conover-Iman Test of Multiple Comparisons Using Rank Sums' using Bonferroni correction (P < 0·05). In conclusion, the total opening movements in individuals with TMD tended to have higher deviation than in those asymptomatic individuals and a reduction in the speed of movements.
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