Many
proteins can be used to fabricate nanocarriers for encapsulation,
protection, and controlled release of nutraceuticals. This review
examined the protein-based nanocarriers from microscopic molecular
characteristics to the macroscopical structural and functional attributes.
Structural, physical, and chemical properties of protein-based nanocarriers
were introduced in detail. The spatial size, shape, water dispersibility,
colloidal stability, etc. of protein-based nanocarriers were largely
determined by the molecular physicochemical principles of protein.
Different preparative techniques, including antisolvent precipitation,
pH-driven, electrospray, and gelation methods, among others, can be
used to fabricate different protein-based nanocarriers. Various modifications
based on physical, chemical, and enzymatic approaches can be used
to improve the functional performance of these nanocarriers. Protein
is a natural resource with a wide range of sources, including plant,
animal, and microbial, which are usually used to fabricate the nanocarriers.
Protein-based nanocarriers have many advantages in aid of the application
of bioactive ingredients to the medical, food, and cosmetic industries.