A specific family of interspersed repeats (SINEs) facilitates meiotic synapsis in mammals

Johnson, Matthew E.; Rowsey, Ross; Shirley, Sofia; VandeVoort, Catherine A.; Bailey, Jeffrey A.; Hassold, Terry

doi:10.1186/1755-8166-6-1

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The post-insertion impacts of TEs on a genome are more global and as such can significantly influence genome structure, regional function, and chromosome dynamics. For example, TEs act as binding sites for proteins that form the axial elements of the synaptonemal complex, as was demonstrated for actively retrotransposing SINEs in mice and in macaques (Johnson et al 2013 ). Moreover, TEs often continue to impact the genomic landscape long after they are transcriptionally inactivated, with variation in insertion sites and timing resulting in functional polymorphism for gene expression (Marcon et al 2015 ; Sanseverino et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Impacts Of Tes On the Genome (Tes Vs Genome)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Transposable elements: genome innovation, chromosome diversity, and centromere conflict

2018

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Although it was nearly 70 years ago when transposable elements (TEs) were first discovered “jumping” from one genomic location to another, TEs are now recognized as contributors to genomic innovations as well as genome instability across a wide variety of species. In this review, we illustrate the ways in which active TEs, specifically retroelements, can create novel chromosome rearrangements and impact gene expression, leading to disease in some cases and species-specific diversity in others. We explore the ways in which eukaryotic genomes have evolved defense mechanisms to temper TE activity and the ways in which TEs continue to influence genome structure despite being rendered transpositionally inactive. Finally, we focus on the role of TEs in the establishment, maintenance, and stabilization of critical, yet rapidly evolving, chromosome features: eukaryotic centromeres. Across centromeres, specific types of TEs participate in genomic conflict, a balancing act wherein they are actively inserting into centromeric domains yet are harnessed for the recruitment of centromeric histones and potentially new centromere formation.

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Section: Impacts Of Tes On the Genome (Tes Vs Genome)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Transposable elements: genome innovation, chromosome diversity, and centromere conflict

2018

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“…According to these observations, N-terminal sequences can bind double-stranded DNA, enabling SYCP3 to link distant sites along the sister chromatid [Syrjänen et al, 2014], although the DNA sequences apparently associated with SYCP3 in the LEs of SCs are not yet well determined. Preliminary studies have suggested that interspersed repetitive elements play a role in linking DNA to the axial elements of the mammalian SC [Pearlman et al, 1992;Hernández-Hernández et al, 2008;Johnson et al, 2013].…”

Section: Protein Nature Of the Multistranded Thick Differentiations mentioning

confidence: 99%

The XY Body of the Cat (<b><i>Felis catus</i></b>): Structural Differentiations and Protein Immunolocalization

Sciurano

Luca²,

Rahn³

et al. 2017

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The heteromorphic X and Y chromosomes behave in a special way in mammalian spermatocytes; they form the XY body and synapse only partially. The aim of this article was to study the origin and the role of the special differentiations in the XY pair of the domestic cat during pachytene by analyzing its fine structural characteristics and the immunolocalization of the main meiotic proteins SYCP3, SYCP1, SYCE3, SMC3, γ-H2AX, BRCA1, H3K27me3, and MLH1. The cat XY body shows particularly striking structures: an extreme degree of axial fibrillation in late pachynema and a special location of SYCP3-containing fibrils, bridging different regions of the main X axis, as well as one bridge at the inner end of the pairing region that colocalizes with the single mandatory MLH1 focus. There are sequential changes, first bullous expansions, then subdivision into fibrils, all involving axial thickening. The chromatin of the XY body presents the usual features of meiotic sex chromosome inactivation. An analysis of the XY body of many eutherians and metatherians suggests that axial thickenings are primitive features. The sequential changes in the mass and location of SYCP3-containing fibers vary among the clades because of specific processes of axial assembly/disassembly occurring in different species.

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“…These telomere-associated modifications suggest that SYCP3 protein possesses a unique binding affinity for (TTAGGG) n repeats. Indeed, pull-down experiments consistently uncover an enrichment of SYCP3 binding in repetitive DNA (Pearlman et al 1992;Hernández-Hernández et al 2008;Johnson et al 2013), although direct evidence of preferential binding to (TTAGGG) n repeats is currently lacking. These modified axial elements may seed the formation of atypical SYCP3 structures that link the sex chromosomes through the first meiotic division, as previously proposed (Page et al 2006;de la Fuente et al 2007de la Fuente et al , 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Sequence Homology, Genome Architecture, and Meiotic Behavior of the Sex Chromosomes in North American Voles

Dumont

Williams

et al. 2018

Genetics

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In most mammals, the X and Y chromosomes synapse and recombine along a conserved region of homology known as the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). These homology-driven interactions are required for meiotic progression and are essential for male fertility. Although the PAR fulfills key meiotic functions in most mammals, several exceptional species lack PAR-mediated sex chromosome associations at meiosis. Here, we leveraged the natural variation in meiotic sex chromosome programs present in North American voles () to investigate the relationship between meiotic sex chromosome dynamics and X/Y sequence homology. To this end, we developed a novel, reference-blind computational method to analyze sparse sequencing data from flow-sorted X and Y chromosomes isolated from vole species with sex chromosomes that always (), never (), and occasionally synapse () at meiosis. Unexpectedly, we find more shared X/Y homology in the two vole species with no and sporadic X/Y synapsis compared to the species with obligate synapsis. Sex chromosome homology in the asynaptic and occasionally synaptic species is interspersed along chromosomes and largely restricted to low-complexity sequences, including a striking enrichment for the telomeric repeat sequence, TTAGGG. In contrast, homology is concentrated in high complexity, and presumably euchromatic, sequence on the X and Y chromosomes of the synaptic vole species, Taken together, our findings suggest key conditions required to sustain the standard program of X/Y synapsis at meiosis and reveal an intriguing connection between heterochromatic repeat architecture and noncanonical, asynaptic mechanisms of sex chromosome segregation in voles.

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A specific family of interspersed repeats (SINEs) facilitates meiotic synapsis in mammals

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Transposable elements: genome innovation, chromosome diversity, and centromere conflict

Transposable elements: genome innovation, chromosome diversity, and centromere conflict

The XY Body of the Cat (<b><i>Felis catus</i></b>): Structural Differentiations and Protein Immunolocalization

Relationship Between Sequence Homology, Genome Architecture, and Meiotic Behavior of the Sex Chromosomes in North American Voles

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