A Spectrochemical Study of the Normal Ranges of Concentration of Certain Trace Metals in Biological Materials

Kehoe, Robert A.; Cholak, Jacob; Story, Robert V.

doi:10.1093/jn/19.6.579

Cited by 195 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Concurrently with thewithdrawal of blood samples, radiation was monitored over the body surface with collimated detectors whose outputs were transcribed automatically. 4 As anticipated from animal data (2, 4-7, 11), preliminary scanning following Mn' injection revealed localization of the greatest radioactivity in the region of the liver. Accordingly, one scanner was positioned on the skin surface over the liver area, usually about 3 cm.…”

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confidence: 51%

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Manganese Metabolism in Man: Rapid Exchange of MN56 with Tissue as Demonstrated by Blood Clearance and Liver Uptake1

Borg¹,

Cotzias²

1958

J. Clin. Invest.

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Despite the well-known physiological importance of manganese (1-7) and its implication in some disease states (2,(8)(9)(10), the exact nature of its metabolic role remains undefined (11,12).In mammals manganese concentrates in organs rich in mitochondria, notably the liver (2-7, 11, 13, 14); and previous work from this group (11) has shown these organelles to be the major pool of radiomanganese turnover shortly after injection into animals. In vitro traces of the element have widespread biochemical activity (2,3,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), especially in relationship to mitochondria (20) and those of their enzyme systems that carry out oxidative phosphorylation (16,(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26).The present study of blood clearance and of radiation measured at the body surface following Mn" injection in man is an attempt to describe and to determine the kinetics of this turnover, which appears to correlate with mitochondrial function. From the analysis of these data in relation to the work of others it is also possible to gain insight into the mechanisms of transport directly from the blood. Our results further suggest that most of the normal body manganese is readily exchangeable and is not bound in metalloproteins or other highly stable configurations. EXPERIMENTAL Radioisotopic tracer. Mn" (half-life: 2.58 hr.) 2 was generated in the Brookhaven research reactor. One ml. aliquots containing 11.1 ,g. of MnSOgH2O (3.6 ,ug. of Mn' 3 were injected into patients. The radiation decay of other aliquots was followed for 48 to 72 hours with a well-type NaI(Ti) scintillating crystal and scaling circuit. The resultant activity curves indicated the only contaminating radioelement to be a small amount of Na' (about 0.5 per cent of the Mn' activity at injection time), which was ignored in the subsequent treatment of the data.Route of administration and withdrawal of blood samples. Following an overnight fast, patients received Mn" tracer intravenously. Thereafter serial venous blood samples of approximately 3 ml. volume were withdrawn from the contralateral arm. Samples were promptly assayed for radioactivity and weighed. Corrections for radioactive decay were then made. Frequent samples were obtained during the first few minutes after injection, but later sampling frequency was decreased gradually to intervals of approximately five minutes. Surface counting technique. Concurrently with thewithdrawal of blood samples, radiation was monitored over the body surface with collimated detectors whose outputs were transcribed automatically.4 As anticipated from animal data (2, 4-7, 11), preliminary scanning following Mn' injection revealed localization of the greatest radioactivity in the region of the liver. Accordingly, one scanner was positioned on the skin surface over the liver area, usually about 3 cm. above the costal margin in the right midclavicular line ("liver area" counter). A second counter was located over the right femur about 18 cm. above the patella ("thigh" counter). This was taken to be a "reference area" that would not...

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“…Intercomparison 3 This presented to the recipient a total-body radiation dose of less than 4 m-rad (28). 4 Voltage signals from conventional scaling circuits were recorded on separate channels of a standard polygraph, and the resulting frequency record was integrated manually and plotted as an amplitude curve (cf. Figure 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese Metabolism in Man: Rapid Exchange of MN56 with Tissue as Demonstrated by Blood Clearance and Liver Uptake1

Borg¹,

Cotzias²

1958

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The TTX-sensitive Na ϩ flux was also found to be inhibited by pertussis toxin, which implies that the increase in Na ϩ flux is G protein-mediated (4). There is ample evidence that heterotrimeric G proteins of several types (e.g., G i , G o , G q ) are present in human red blood cells (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14); in addition, these cells are also known to contain Ϸ2.7 M Al 3ϩ ͞l.rbc (15), which may be necessary for adenylyl cyclase activation (16). It was further shown that, under conditions where the Na ϩ flux was increased in the presence of added F Ϫ and Ca 2ϩ , Ca 2ϩ uptake (measured with 45 Ca 2ϩ ) was also increased and could be inhibited with TTX (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na ⁺ channels and muscarinic and purinergic receptors identified in human erythroid progenitor cells and red blood cell ghosts

Hoffman

Dodson

Wickrema

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This article concerns the identification of different types of voltage-gated Na ؉ channels and of muscarinic and purinergic receptors that are expressed in human erythroid precursor cells and red cell ghosts. We analyzed, by RT-PCR, RNA that was extracted from purified and synchronously growing human erythroid progenitor cells, differentiating from erythroblasts to reticulocytes in 7 to 14 days. These extracts were free of white cell and platelet contamination. Two types of voltage-gated, tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na ؉ channels were found. These were Nav1.4 and Nav1.7, the former known to be present in skeletal muscle and the latter in peripheral nerve. By using a pan Na ؉ channel antibody and Western blotting, an immunoreactive channel was detected in ghosts of human red blood cells, consistent with the expression of these two channels. The transcripts for four of the five known subtypes of muscarinic receptors were also identified, including subtypes M2, M3, M4, and M5, whereas subtype M1 was not found. Expression was also detected for the purinergic type receptors P2X1, P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y1 whereas types P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y6 were not found. We also searched for but did not find transcripts for hBNP-1, a type 1b human brain sodium phosphate cotransporter, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Implications regarding the presence of these different types of channels and receptors in human red blood cells and their functional significance are discussed.

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“…The general population is also exposed through the inhalation of Swimming pool water purified with silverThe averaged daily dietary intake (including fluids) of silver has been estimated to be 70 pg/day (Snyder et al 1975) and 88 pg/day (Kehoe et al 1940). The average daily dietary intake of two subjects over 30 days was determined to be 35-44 pg/day (Tipton et al 1966).…”

Section: General Population and Occupational Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized controlled evaluation of absorption of silver with the use of silver alginate (Algidex) patches in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with central lines

et al. 2009

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A Spectrochemical Study of the Normal Ranges of Concentration of Certain Trace Metals in Biological Materials

Cited by 195 publications

References 9 publications

Manganese Metabolism in Man: Rapid Exchange of MN56 with Tissue as Demonstrated by Blood Clearance and Liver Uptake1

Manganese Metabolism in Man: Rapid Exchange of MN56 with Tissue as Demonstrated by Blood Clearance and Liver Uptake1

Tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na ⁺ channels and muscarinic and purinergic receptors identified in human erythroid progenitor cells and red blood cell ghosts

A randomized controlled evaluation of absorption of silver with the use of silver alginate (Algidex) patches in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with central lines

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A Spectrochemical Study of the Normal Ranges of Concentration of Certain Trace Metals in Biological Materials

Cited by 195 publications

References 9 publications

Manganese Metabolism in Man: Rapid Exchange of MN56 with Tissue as Demonstrated by Blood Clearance and Liver Uptake1

Manganese Metabolism in Man: Rapid Exchange of MN56 with Tissue as Demonstrated by Blood Clearance and Liver Uptake1

Tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na + channels and muscarinic and purinergic receptors identified in human erythroid progenitor cells and red blood cell ghosts

A randomized controlled evaluation of absorption of silver with the use of silver alginate (Algidex) patches in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with central lines

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Tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na ⁺ channels and muscarinic and purinergic receptors identified in human erythroid progenitor cells and red blood cell ghosts