“…and ternary catalysts such as PtM1M2 (M1M2 = RuAu, 34 PdCu, 35 CuFe, 36 SnBi, 6 AuCu 37 and BiPd 7 ). Furthermore, when modifying Pt surfaces with transition metal oxide nanostructures (MO x ), such as NiO x , 38,39 CoO x , 40 TiO x , 41 MnO x , 42,43 Cu 2 O, 44 FeO x , 45,46 etc. , the catalytic improvement achieved toward the FAOR was motivated by the so-called “bi-functional effect”, where the required oxygen atmosphere could easily be supplied by non-precious metal/s to facilitate the CO stripping at low overpotentials.…”